Pebas Formation

{{Short description|Geological formation in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Pebas Formation

| image = Middle Miocene South America.png

| caption = The Pebas Mega-Wetland (or Lake Pebas), on the western side of this map, corresponds to the Pebas Formation

| type =

| period = Miocene

| age = Early Aquitanian-Tortonian
(Colhuehuapian-Huayquerian)
~{{fossil range|21|8}}

| prilithology = Siltstone, mudstone

| otherlithology = Coal/lignite

| namedfor = Pebas District

| namedby =

| region = Amazon Basin

| country = {{BRA}}
{{COL}}
{{ECU}}
{{PER}}

| coordinates = {{coord|7.4|S|75.0|W|display=inline,title}}

| paleocoordinates = {{coord|8.4|S|70.6|W|display=inline}}

| unitof =

| subunits =

| underlies = Marañón Formation

| overlies = Chambira Formation

| thickness = ~{{convert|350|-|1074|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| extent =

| area = {{convert|1000000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Pebas Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of Miocene age, found in western Amazonia. The formation extends over {{convert|1000000|km2|sqmi}}, including parts of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.Wesselingh et al., 2006 It is interpreted as representing the deposits of a lake ("Lake Pebas") or series of lakes, formed within the foreland basin of the Andes mountain belt. It is known for its abundant fossil ostracods and molluscs and an unusually diverse group of crocodylians.Sala Gismondi et al., 2006

Fossil content

= Fish =

Taxa	Species	Locality	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"
Anostomidae {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176135 CTA-45] at Fossilworks.org}} \| Indeterminate \| \| \| \| \|
Hydrolycus \|cf. H. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Leporinus \|L. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Pristis \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Potamotrygon \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|

= Insects =

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"
Taxa	Species	Locality	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Macroteleia{{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=140493 Amazonian amber] at Fossilworks.org}} \| M. yaguarum \| \| \| \| A parasitoid wasp. \|Image:Platygastridae Macroteleia spp. (9687655301).jpg
Sycorax \| S. peruensis \| \| \| \| Relatives of moth flies and sand flies. \|

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"

Taxa

Species

Locality

Stratigraphic position

Material

Notes

Images

Macroteleia{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=140493 Amazonian amber] at Fossilworks.org}}

| M. yaguarum

| A parasitoid wasp.

|Image:Platygastridae Macroteleia spp. (9687655301).jpg

Sycorax

| S. peruensis

| Relatives of moth flies and sand flies.

= Mammals =

Taxa	Species	Locality	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"
Dinomyidae {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176135 CTA-45] at Fossilworks.org}} \| D. sp. \| \| \| \| A hystricognath rodent. \|
Octodontoidea \| Indeterminate. \| \| \| \| A hystricognath rodent. \|
NeoepiblemaRasia, Luciano L.; Candela, Adriana M. (2018-05-19). "Reappraisal of the giant caviomorph rodent Phoberomys burmeisteri (Ameghino, 1886) from the late Miocene of northeastern Argentina, and the phylogeny and diversity of Neoepiblemidae". Historical Biology. 30 (4): 486–495. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1294168. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 90381892. \|N. sp. \| \| \| \| A hystricognath rodent. \|
Pebanista \| P. yacuruna \| Rio Napo. \| \| A nearly complete skull. \| A platanistid river dolphin. \|File:Pebanista yacuruna live reconstruction.jpg
Pseudoprepotherium \| P. sp. \| Rio Napo \| \| \| A ground sloth. \|
Potamarchus \|P. sp \| \| \| \| A hystricognath rodent. \|
Parapropalaehoplophorus \|P. sp \| \| \| \| a glyptodont \|

= Reptiles =

Taxa	Species	Locality	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"
Caiman {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=166768 IQ114] at Fossilworks.org}} \| C. wannlangstoni \| Locality IQ26 and IQ114 \| \| A well-preserved partial skull. \| An extinct caiman \|Image:Caiman wannlangstoni size.jpg
Gavialoidea \| Indeterminate. \| \| \| \| \|
Gnatusuchus \| G. pebasensis \| Locality IQ114, IQ116, and IQ125 \| Upper \| A nearly complete skull. \| A clam eating caiman. \|Image:Gnatusuchus skeletal.jpg
Gryposuchus \|G. pachakamue \| Locality IQ101 \| \| \| A gavialid crocodilian. \| File:Gryposuchus pachakamue.jpg
Kuttanacaiman \|K. iquitosensis \| Locality IQ26 and IQ116 \| Middle \| nearly complete skull and mandibles. \| A small caiman. \|File:Kuttanacaiman size.jpg
Chelus {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=166768 IQ114] at Fossilworks.org}} \| C. colombianus \| \| \| Pieces of shell bones and scutes \| A slightly larger species of mata mata, reaching an estimated shell length of up to a meter. \|
Mourasuchus \| M. atopus \| Locality IQ114 \| \| \| \|
Paleosuchus \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Podocnemis \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Purussaurus \|P. neivensis \| Locality IQ26 and IQ114 \| \| Skull and teeth. \| A giant caiman. \|File:Purussaurus BW.jpg

Correlations

= Laventan =

Formation	Honda	Honda	Aisol	Cura-Mallín	Pisco	Ipururo	Pebas	Capadare	Urumaco	Inés	Paraná
class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%" \|+ Laventan correlations in South America
Basin	VSM	Honda	San Rafael	Caldera	Pisco	Ucayali	Amazon	colspan=2 \| Falcón	Venezuela	Paraná	align=center rowspan=17 \| {{Location map+ \| South America \| relief = 1 \| width = 220 \| float = center \| places = {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 5.191944 \| lon_deg = -74.7225 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 14 \| link = Honda Group, Colombia }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 11.2 \| lon_deg = -70.0 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Urumaco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -35.0 \| lon_deg = -68.5 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Aisol Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -37.7 \| lon_deg = -71.2 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Cura-Mallín Group }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 10.9 \| lon_deg = -68.6 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Capadare Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -22.0 \| lon_deg = -65.4 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Honda Group, Bolivia }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -10.6 \| lon_deg = -73.1 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Ipururo Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -33.7 \| lon_deg = -59.3 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Paraná Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -7.4 \| lon_deg = -75.0 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pebas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -15.7 \| lon_deg = -74.5 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pisco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 9.0 \| lon_deg = -64.8 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Santa Inés Formation }} }}
{{small\|Country}}	{{small\|{{COL}}}}	{{small\|{{BOL}}}}	{{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{CHL}}}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{PER}}}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{VEN}}}}	{{small\|{{ARG}}}}
Boreostemma	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px
Hapalops	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Miocochilius	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Theosodon	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Xenastrapotherium	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Mylodontidae	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Sparassodonta	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Primates	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Rodents	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|
Terror birds	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Reptiles	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|
megalodon	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Flora	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Insects	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Environments	colspan=3 \| Fluvial	colspan=2 \| Fluvio-deltaic	colspan=2 \| Fluvio-lacustrine	colspan=3 \| Fluvio-deltaic	Fluvial	rowspan=2 align=left \| {{left\|8px Laventan volcanoclastics}} {{left\|8px Laventan fauna}} {{left\|8px Laventan flora}}
Volcanic	colspan=3 \| Yes	colspan=8 \|

= Huayquerian =

Formation	Cerro Azul	Ituzaingó	Paraná	Camacho	Raigón	Andalhuala	Chiquimil	Las Flores	Maimará	Palo	Pebas	Muyu	Rosa	Saldungaray	Salicas	Urumaco
class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%" \|+ Huayquerian correlations in South America
Basin	Colorado	colspan=4 \| Paraná	colspan=2 \| Hualfín	Tontal	Andes	Salta	Amazon	Huasi	Altiplano	BA	Velasco	Falcón	align=center rowspan=17 \| {{Location map+ \| South America \| relief = 1 \| width = 220 \| float = center \| places = {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -34.7 \| lon_deg = -56.8 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Camacho Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -37.3 \| lon_deg = -64.2 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 14 \| link = Cerro Azul Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -26.8 \| lon_deg = -66.1 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Chiquimil Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -31.1 \| lon_deg = -69.6 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -31.7 \| lon_deg = -60.4 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Ituzaingó Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -23.4 \| lon_deg = -65.8 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Maimará Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -19.0 \| lon_deg = -65.3 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Muyu Huasi Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -25.7 \| lon_deg = -66.1 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Palo Pintado Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -33.7 \| lon_deg = -59.3 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Paraná Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -7.4 \| lon_deg = -75.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pebas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -34.6 \| lon_deg = -57.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Raigón Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -35.7 \| lon_deg = -64.7 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Saldungaray Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -28.3 \| lon_deg = -67.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Salicas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 11.2 \| lon_deg = -70.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Urumaco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -26.7 \| lon_deg = -66.0 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Andalhuala Formation }} }}
{{small\|Country}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{URU}}}}	colspan=5 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{BRA}}}} {{small\|{{PER}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{BOL}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{VEN}}}}
Cardiatherium	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px
Lagostomus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px
Macroeuphractus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Proeuphractus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Pronothrotherium	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Pseudotypotherium	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Thylacosmilus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Xotodon	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Macraucheniidae	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|
Primates	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Rodents	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px
Reptiles	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px		align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Terror birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Flora	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Environments	Aeolian-fluvial	colspan=3 \| Fluvio-deltaic	colspan=6 \| Fluvial	Fluvio-lacustrine	colspan=3 \| Fluvial	Fluvio-lacustrine	Fluvio-deltaic	rowspan=2 align=left \| {{left\|8px Huayquerian volcanoclastics}} {{left\|8px Huayquerian fauna}} {{left\|8px Huayquerian flora}}
Volcanic	colspan=5 \|	Yes	colspan=10 \|

References

= Bibliography =

{{citation |last1=Montoya A. |first1=Diana M. |last2=Alonso O. |first2=Diego |last3=Pinilla O. |first3=Alejandro |last4=Arenas M |first4=José E. |year=2011 |title=Geología de las Planchas 567, 568, 568bis, 569 and 569bis - 1:200,000 |url=http://recordcenter.sgc.gov.co/B13/23008010024475/Documento/pdf/2105244751101000.pdf |publisher=Servicio Geológico Colombiano |pages=1–187 |accessdate=2018-06-01}}
{{citation |last1=Salas Gismondi |first1=R. |last2=Flynn |first2=J.J. |last3=Baby |first3=P. |last4=Tejada Lara |first4=J.V. |last5=Wesselingh |first5=F.P. |last6=Antoine |first6=P-O. |year=2015 |title=A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands |url= |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=282 |issue=1804 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2014.2490 |pmid=25716785 |pmc=4375856 |pages=20142490 }}
{{citation |last1=Wesselingh |first1=F.P. |last2=Hoorn |first2=M.C. |last3=Guerrero |first3=J. |last4=Räsänen |first4=M.E. |last5=Romero Pittmann |first5=L. |last6=Salo |first6=J. |year=2006 |title=The stratigraphy and regional structure of Miocene deposits in western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), with implications for late Neogene landscape evolution |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/41347 |journal=Scripta Geologica |volume=133 |pages=291–322 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

Taxa	Species	Locality	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="75%"
Caiman {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=166768 IQ114] at Fossilworks.org}} \| C. wannlangstoni \| Locality IQ26 and IQ114 \| \| A well-preserved partial skull. \| An extinct caiman \|Image:Caiman wannlangstoni size.jpg
Gavialoidea \| Indeterminate. \| \| \| \| \|
Gnatusuchus \| G. pebasensis \| Locality IQ114, IQ116, and IQ125 \| Upper \| A nearly complete skull. \| A clam eating caiman. \|Image:Gnatusuchus skeletal.jpg
Gryposuchus \|G. pachakamue \| Locality IQ101 \| \| \| A gavialid crocodilian. \| File:Gryposuchus pachakamue.jpg
Kuttanacaiman \|K. iquitosensis \| Locality IQ26 and IQ116 \| Middle \| nearly complete skull and mandibles. \| A small caiman. \|File:Kuttanacaiman size.jpg
Chelus {{center\|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=166768 IQ114] at Fossilworks.org}} \| C. colombianus \| \| \| Pieces of shell bones and scutes \| A slightly larger species of mata mata, reaching an estimated shell length of up to a meter. \|
Mourasuchus \| M. atopus \| Locality IQ114 \| \| \| \|
Paleosuchus \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Podocnemis \| P. sp. \| \| \| \| \|
Purussaurus \|P. neivensis \| Locality IQ26 and IQ114 \| \| Skull and teeth. \| A giant caiman. \|File:Purussaurus BW.jpg

Formation	Honda	Honda	Aisol	Cura-Mallín	Pisco	Ipururo	Pebas	Capadare	Urumaco	Inés	Paraná
class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%" \|+ Laventan correlations in South America
Basin	VSM	Honda	San Rafael	Caldera	Pisco	Ucayali	Amazon	colspan=2 \| Falcón	Venezuela	Paraná	align=center rowspan=17 \| {{Location map+ \| South America \| relief = 1 \| width = 220 \| float = center \| places = {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 5.191944 \| lon_deg = -74.7225 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 14 \| link = Honda Group, Colombia }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 11.2 \| lon_deg = -70.0 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Urumaco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -35.0 \| lon_deg = -68.5 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Aisol Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -37.7 \| lon_deg = -71.2 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Cura-Mallín Group }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 10.9 \| lon_deg = -68.6 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Capadare Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -22.0 \| lon_deg = -65.4 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Honda Group, Bolivia }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -10.6 \| lon_deg = -73.1 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Ipururo Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -33.7 \| lon_deg = -59.3 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Paraná Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -7.4 \| lon_deg = -75.0 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pebas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -15.7 \| lon_deg = -74.5 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pisco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 9.0 \| lon_deg = -64.8 \| mark = Yellow pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Santa Inés Formation }} }}
{{small\|Country}}	{{small\|{{COL}}}}	{{small\|{{BOL}}}}	{{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{CHL}}}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{PER}}}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{VEN}}}}	{{small\|{{ARG}}}}
Boreostemma	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px
Hapalops	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Miocochilius	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Theosodon	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Xenastrapotherium	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Mylodontidae	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Sparassodonta	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Primates	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Rodents	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|
Terror birds	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Reptiles	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|
megalodon	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Flora	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Insects	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Environments	colspan=3 \| Fluvial	colspan=2 \| Fluvio-deltaic	colspan=2 \| Fluvio-lacustrine	colspan=3 \| Fluvio-deltaic	Fluvial	rowspan=2 align=left \| {{left\|8px Laventan volcanoclastics}} {{left\|8px Laventan fauna}} {{left\|8px Laventan flora}}
Volcanic	colspan=3 \| Yes	colspan=8 \|

Formation	Cerro Azul	Ituzaingó	Paraná	Camacho	Raigón	Andalhuala	Chiquimil	Las Flores	Maimará	Palo	Pebas	Muyu	Rosa	Saldungaray	Salicas	Urumaco
class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%" \|+ Huayquerian correlations in South America
Basin	Colorado	colspan=4 \| Paraná	colspan=2 \| Hualfín	Tontal	Andes	Salta	Amazon	Huasi	Altiplano	BA	Velasco	Falcón	align=center rowspan=17 \| {{Location map+ \| South America \| relief = 1 \| width = 220 \| float = center \| places = {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -34.7 \| lon_deg = -56.8 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Camacho Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -37.3 \| lon_deg = -64.2 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 14 \| link = Cerro Azul Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -26.8 \| lon_deg = -66.1 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Chiquimil Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -31.1 \| lon_deg = -69.6 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -31.7 \| lon_deg = -60.4 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Ituzaingó Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -23.4 \| lon_deg = -65.8 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Maimará Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -19.0 \| lon_deg = -65.3 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Muyu Huasi Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -25.7 \| lon_deg = -66.1 \| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Palo Pintado Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -33.7 \| lon_deg = -59.3 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Paraná Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -7.4 \| lon_deg = -75.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Pebas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -34.6 \| lon_deg = -57.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Raigón Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -35.7 \| lon_deg = -64.7 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Saldungaray Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -28.3 \| lon_deg = -67.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Salicas Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = 11.2 \| lon_deg = -70.0 \| mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Urumaco Formation }} {{Location map~ \| South America \| lat_deg = -26.7 \| lon_deg = -66.0 \| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg \| marksize = 10 \| link = Andalhuala Formation }} }}
{{small\|Country}}	colspan=3 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{URU}}}}	colspan=5 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{BRA}}}} {{small\|{{PER}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{BOL}}}}	colspan=2 \| {{small\|{{ARG}}}}	{{small\|{{VEN}}}}
Cardiatherium	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px
Lagostomus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px
Macroeuphractus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Proeuphractus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Pronothrotherium	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Pseudotypotherium	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|
Thylacosmilus	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Xotodon	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Macraucheniidae	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \| 14px	align=center \| 14px	align=center \|	align=center \|
Primates	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Rodents	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px
Reptiles	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px
Birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px		align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Terror birds	align=center \| 10px	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Flora	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \| 10px	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|	align=center \|
Environments	Aeolian-fluvial	colspan=3 \| Fluvio-deltaic	colspan=6 \| Fluvial	Fluvio-lacustrine	colspan=3 \| Fluvial	Fluvio-lacustrine	Fluvio-deltaic	rowspan=2 align=left \| {{left\|8px Huayquerian volcanoclastics}} {{left\|8px Huayquerian fauna}} {{left\|8px Huayquerian flora}}
Volcanic	colspan=5 \|	Yes	colspan=10 \|