Pectobacterium carotovorum

{{Short description|Bacterial pathogen of several plants}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Slime flux on Camperdown elm.png

| image_caption = Slime flux on a Camperdown elm caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum

| taxon = Pectobacterium carotovorum

| authority = (Jones 1901) Waldee 1945

| synonyms = Erwinia carotovora

| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies

| subdivision =

• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae" Koh et al. 2012
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense" Nabhan et al. 2012
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. wasabiae (Goto and Matsumoto 1987) Hauben et al. 1999
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (van Hall 1902) Hauben et al. 1999
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Jones 1901) Hauben et al. 1999
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (Gallois et al. 1992) Hauben et al. 1999
• Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. betavasculorum (Thomson et al. 1984) Hauben et al. 1999

}}

File:Onion (Allium cepa)- Bacterial soft rot.jpg{{dubious |reason=If we don't know...|date=February 2023}}]]

Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia.

{{ Cite journal |

language=en|

access-date=|

year=2003|

volume=4|

issue=1|

department=Pathogen profile|

publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd.|

pages=17–30|

first4=Paul|

first3=Maria|

first2=Kenneth|

first1=Ian|

last4=Birch|

last3=Holeva|

last2=Bell|

last1=Toth|

title=Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes|

doi=10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x|

s2cid=37973919|

journal=Molecular Plant Pathology|

issn=1364-3703|

pmid=20569359|

id=British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP)}}

The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name carotovora – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species.{{cite journal|last=Toth|first=Ian K.|author2=Bell, Kenneth S. |author3=Holeva, Maria C. |author4=Birch, Paul R. J. |title=Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes|journal=Molecular Plant Pathology|date=1 January 2003|volume=4|issue=1|pages=17–30|doi=10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x|pmid=20569359}} Currently, there are four described subspecies of P. carotovorum ({{ Visible anchor |carotovorum|text=carotovorum}}, {{ Visible anchor |brasiliense|text=brasiliense}}, {{ Visible anchor |odoriferum|text=odoriferum}}, and {{ Visible anchor |actinidiae|text=actinidiae}}).

This review...

{{ Cite journal |year=2021|issue=4|volume=111|first2=Amy|first1=Yuan|last1=Zeng|pages=600–610|last2=Charkowski|publisher=American Phytopathological Society (APS)|issn=0031-949X|journal=Phytopathology|title=The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Bacterial Phytopathogenesis|doi=10.1094/phyto-06-20-0212-rvw|doi-access=free|pmid=33225831}}

...cite this study:

{{Cite journal|publisher=BMC|last1=Li|first1=Lei|last2=Yuan|first2=Lifang|last3=Shi|first3=Yanxia|last4=Xie|first4=Xuewen|last5=Chai|first5=Ali|last6=Wang|first6=Qi|last7=Li|first7=Baoju|date=2019|title=Comparative genomic analysis of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense SX309 provides novel insights into its genetic and phenotypic features|journal=BMC Genomics|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=486|s2cid=255817156|id={{S2CID|189763708}}|doi=10.1186/s12864-019-5831-x|issn=1471-2164|pmc=6567464|pmid=31195968 |doi-access=free }}

This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant tissue it invades. It is a very economically important pathogen in terms of post-harvest losses, and a common cause of decay in stored fruits and vegetables. Decay caused by P. carotovora is often referred to as "bacterial soft rot" though this may also be caused by other bacteria. Most plants or plant parts can resist invasion by the bacteria, unless some type of wound is present. High humidity and temperatures around {{ Convert |30|C}} favor development of decay. The cells become highly motile near this temperature ({{ Convert |26 |C}}) when fructose is present.{{cite book |last=Aizawa |first=Shin-Ichi |chapter=Pectobacterium carotovorum — Subpolar Hyper-Flagellation|date=2014|pages=58–59|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780124172340|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-417234-0.00018-9|title=The Flagellar World}} Mutants can be produced which are less virulent. Virulence factors include: pectinases, cellulases, (which degrade plant cell walls), and also proteases, lipases, xylanases, and nucleases (along with the normal virulence factors for pathogens – Fe acquisition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) integrity{{ Specify |date=February 2023}}, multiple global regulatory systems).