Pediomelum tenuiflorum
{{Short description|Plant species in the pea family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Pedomelium tenuflorum, scurfy pea..jpg
| image_caption =
| status = G5
| status_system = TNC
| genus = Pediomelum
| species = tenuiflorum
| authority = (Pursh) A.N.Egan
| synonyms_ref = {{cite POWO |id=60453080-2 |title=Pediomelum tenuiflorum (Pursh) A.N.Egan |access-date=31 July 2024}}
| synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Species list
| Lotodes floribundum | (Nutt.) Kuntze (1891)
| Lotodes tenuiflorum | (Pursh) Kuntze (1891)
| Psoralea bigelovii | (Rydb.) Tidestr. (1925)
| Psoralea floribunda | Nutt. (1838)
| Psoralea obtusiloba | Torr. & A.Gray (1838)
| Psoralea tenuiflora | Pursh (1813)
| Psoralidium batesii | Rydb. (1931)
| Psoralidium bigelovii | Rydb. (1919)
| Psoralidium floribundum | (Nutt.) Rydb. (1919)
| Psoralidium obtusilobum | (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb. (1919)
| Psoralidium tenuiflorum | (Pursh) Rydb. (1919)
| Psoralidium youngiae | Tharp & F.A.Barkley (1946)
}}
}}
}}
Pediomelum tenuiflorum, the slimflower scurfpea, is a perennial in the pea family. It is about {{convert|2|-|3|ft|sigfig=1}} tall and has a lot of leaves on top. Its leaves can reach a length of {{Convert | 3 | in | sigfig = 1}}.{{Cite web|url=https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/scurfy_pea.htm|title=Scurfy pea: Psoralidium tenuiflorum|work=Prairie wildflowers of Illinois |access-date = 18 January 2021}} This flower can be found mainly in the central and southwestern U.S.
Description
Pediomelum tenuiflorum is a much-branched, herbaceous perennial plant growing to a height of {{convert|40–100|cm|ft|sp=us|round=0.5}},{{cite book |last1=Heil |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=O'Kane, Jr. |first2=Steve L. |last3=Reeves |first3=Linda Mary |last4=Clifford |first4=Arnold |title=Flora of the Four Corners Region : Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah |date=2013 |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=St. Louis, Missouri |page=563 |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887/page/n580/ |access-date=31 July 2024}} but may reach {{cvt|1.2|m|ft|0}}. The stems sprout from an underground caudex atop a deep taproot. The stems may grow directly upward or outward for a distance before curving to grow upward.{{cite book |last1=Chadde |first1=Steve W. |title=Minnesota Flora : An Illustrated Guide to the Vascular Plants of Minnesota |date=2013 |publisher=Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1-4912-2424-3 |page=299 |url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotaflorail0000chad/page/299 |access-date=31 July 2024}} The slender stems have eight or more long sections between nodes and are covered in dense to sparse rigid that lay flat to the surface of the stem giving them a gray green appearance.
The leaves are compound with three to five leaflets that are each 6-40 millimeters long. The lower leaves tend to be palmately compound with five leaflets while leaves higher up are usually have three leaflets, but occasionally have four. The leaves are still present when the plant begins to flower. The short racemes are 1–5.9 centimeters long with between seven and twenty-one indigo colored pea-flowers, each 4.5–6 cm long.
Fertilized flowers are followed by smooth surfaced pods with conspicuous glands each containing one seed. The pods are 7–9 millimeters long and often asymmetrical. When the seeds are ripe the top of the plant dries out and separates and may be blown by the wind like a tumbleweed.
It resembles alfalfa, but has fewer flowers that are also smaller.
Taxonomy
This plant was first described by the German-American botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh who gave it the name Psoralea tenuiflora. It was later transferred to the genus Psoralidium by the American botanist Per Axel Rydberg, becoming Psoralidium tenuiflorum. In 2009, A.N. Egan and J. Reveal proposed placing it in the genus Pediomelum, making it Pediomelum tenuiflorum. The classification as Pediomelum tenuiflorum is accepted by Plants of the World Online, World Flora Online,{{Cite WFO |title=Pediomelum tenuiflorum (Pursh) A.N.Egan |id=0001286867 |access-date=1 August 2024}} and World Plants.{{cite web |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |title=Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.7 |url=https://www.worldplants.de/ |website=World Plants |access-date=1 August 2024 |date=18 July 2024}} It is still listed as Psoralidium tenuiflorum by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database.{{cite usda plants|symbol=PSTE5 |title=Psoralidium tenuiflorum |date=1 August 2024}}
=Names=
The species name tenuiflorum, is botanical Latin for "slender-flowered". It has many common names including slimflower scurfpea,{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PSTE5|title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – The University of Texas at Austin|website=www.wildflower.org|access-date=13 December 2018}} slim scurfpea,{{cite book |last1=Ells |first1=James E. |title=Rocky Mountain Flora |date=2006 |publisher=Colorado Mountain Club Press |location=Golden, Colorado |isbn=978-0-9760525-4-8 |page=190 |edition=First |url=https://archive.org/details/rockymountainflo0000ells/page/190 |access-date=1 August 2024}} prairie scurfpea, scurfy pea,{{cite book |last1=Denison |first1=Edgar |title=Missouri Wildflowers : A Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Missouri |date=1998 |publisher=Missouri Department of Conservation |location=Jefferson City, Missouri |isbn=978-1-887247-17-7 |page=232 |edition=Fifth |url=https://archive.org/details/missouriwildflow0000deni/page/232 |access-date=1 August 2024 |language=en}} scurfy psoralea, gray scurf-pea,{{cite book |last1=Brako |first1=Lois |last2=Rossman |first2=Amy Y. |last3=Farr |first3=David F. |title=Scientific and Common Names of 7,000 Vascular Plants in the United States |date=1995 |publisher=APS Press |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-89054-171-5 |pages=212, 224 |url=https://archive.org/details/scientificcommon0000brak/page/212 |access-date=1 August 2024 |language=en}} and wild alfalfa.{{cite book |last1=Stubbendieck |first1=James L. |last2=Hatch |first2=Stephan L |last3=Landholt |first3=L.M. |title=North American Wildland Plants : A Field Guide |date=2003 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |isbn=978-0-8032-9306-9 |pages=362-363 |url=https://archive.org/details/northamericanwil0000stub |language=en}}
Range and habitat
Pediomelum tenuiflorum primarily grows in the north-central United States, but its range stretches to the Rocky Mountain states, southwest into Arizona, and into northern Mexico. In the Midwest it grows in every part of Kansas, most of Missouri, and much of Nebraska. It is less commonly found in Illinois, and is only found in widely scattered areas of Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. It grows east of the Rocky Mountains in Montana and Wyoming, and largely to the east in Colorado with it also growing in a few western counties. It grows in almost all of New Mexico and Arizona, but only in the southern portion of Utah. Its range covers most of Oklahoma and many parts of Texas, but is only reported by the UDSA from three counties in Indiana, and one in Kentucky and Mississippi. In Mexico it grows in just three states; Chihuahua, Sonora, and Nuevo León.
A hardy plant that prefers semi-desert, sandy habitats, scrubland, and woodland, Pediomelum tenuiflorum is resistant to drought because of its long taproot.{{Cite web|url = https://www.prairiemoon.com/pediomelum-tenuiflorum-scurfy-pea-prairie-moon-nursery.html |title=Pedomelium tenuflorum |publisher=Prairie Moon Nursery |access-date = 20 January 2021}}
Ecology
The flowers of Pediomelum tenuiflorum are attractive to bees and are visited by such bees as Svastra obliqua, Colletes willistoni, and Calliopsis andreniformis. The leaf beetle Luperosoma parallelum and grasshoppers such as Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus foedus, and Melanoplus packardii feed on the leaves, and the larvae of the moth Schinia jaguarina feed on the seed pods.
Uses
There are many traditional uses for this plant. For example, its root is edible either raw or cooked and can also be ground up and used to thicken soups, or mixed with cereals to make bread. The plant can also be used as an ingredient in an alcoholic drink derived from Agave. In traditional medicine, it is used as a treatment for headaches, the flu, and tuberculosis. These treatments involve infusing the roots in a drink or smoking the leaves. In addition, the stems can be used to make a garland to substitute for a sun hat on hot days, and the stems have been used as a fumigant to keep mosquitoes at bay.{{Cite web|url=http://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Pediomelum+tenuiflorum|title=Pediomelum tenuiflorum |work=Useful Temperate Plants|access-date=20 January 2021}} The Zuni people apply a poultice of moistened leaves to any body part for purification.{{cite book |author=Stevenson, Matilda Coxe |year=1915 |title=Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians |publisher=SI-BAE Annual Report #30 |page=58}}
References
{{Wikispecies}}
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Category:Flora of the North-Central United States
Category:Flora of the South-Central United States
Category:Flora of Chihuahua (state)
Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine