Penhallow Hotel fire

{{Infobox event

| title = Penhallow Hotel fire

| image = 300px

| caption = Towan Beach in Newquay, 28 July 2007. The Penhallow Hotel, the large bright white building, can be seen near the centre of the image, on top of the cliffs. This photo was taken only 21 days before the fire.

| date = {{Start date|2007|8|18|df=yes}}

| venue = Penhallow Hotel

| location = Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom

| coordinates = {{Coord|50.415138|-5.081193 |format=dms|display=title, inline}}

| type = Suspected arson

| cause =

| reported deaths = 3

| reported injuries = 5

| arrests =

| suspects =

| accused =

| convicted =

| charges =

| verdict =

| convictions =

| sentence =

| inquest = Open verdict

}}

The Penhallow Hotel fire was a suspected arson attack that occurred in Newquay, Cornwall on 18 August 2007. Three people were killed and it was reported as the worst hotel fire in the United Kingdom in nearly 40 years.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-12830022 |work=BBC News | title=Penhallow Hotel company admits fire safety breaches | date=23 March 2011}}{{cite web | url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Officer-says-hotel-complete-chaos/story-11513778-detail/story.html | title=Hotel fire was 'complete chaos' | publisher=The Cornishman | date=28 May 2009 | accessdate=25 December 2011}} Quote: "The first member of the emergency services at the scene of the worst hotel fire in the UK for 40 years has described the early stages of the blaze as 'complete chaos'." {{Dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=November 2019}} The hotel was a well-known hotel for holiday makers ranging from families to older residents. It had been built in Island Crescent between 1912 and 1917,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifsecglobal.com/uncategorized/the-penhallow-hotel-fire-accident-arson-or-incompetence/|title=The Penhallow Hotel fire: accident, arson or incompetence? – indepth-content | Fire safety news events and jobs – info4fire|date=27 June 2011 }} and had been altered more than once. The building had a wooden fire escape at the rear, and a central light shaft running from the ground floor up to the roof in the centre of the hotel. Both of these aspects of the building played a dramatic role in the outcome of the fire. Many of those that escaped the fire were elderly holiday makers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0821/92631-britain/|title=Remains thought found after UK hotel fire|date=2007-08-21|work=RTE.ie|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en}}

Police at the time concluded that the fire must have been started by an intentional act.{{cite web |title=Crimewatch UK February 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28WJSUSB7MI |website=Crimewatch |publisher=BBC |format=TV programme |date=February 2008}}

However the inquest returned open verdicts as the coroner said there was insufficient evidence to rule the victims were unlawfully killed. A link has been suggested between the fire and Karen Pedley, a serial arsonist at large in Cornwall at the time.

The remainder of the building was demolished, and the land has since been redeveloped as modern apartments.{{Cite news|date=2007-08-18|title=Demolition begins at blaze hotel|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/6952947.stm|access-date=2022-01-14}}

Fire

{{Multiple image

| total_width =

| image1 = Towan Beach (5902) (cropped) (cropped).jpg

| image2 = Towan Beach (geograph 4926429) (cropped) (cropped).jpg

| footer = The cliffs above Towan Beach in 2011 following the fire, showing the Penhallow Hotel in the centre of the image having been destroyed, and the beach in 2016, showing the new apartments built on the site of the hotel

}}

On the night of 18 August 2007, shortly after midnight a power cut was reported followed shortly by the fire alarm activating and soon smoke was seen in the building. It is believed that the fire started in the hotel's drink bar store and then spread throughout the building.{{Cite news|date=2010-09-29|title=Owners of fire death Penhallow Hotel to be prosecuted|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-11434171|access-date=2020-12-30}} A 999 call was made to Cornwall Fire Brigade's fire control at 00:17 and appliances from Newquay were mobilised. Around 4{{nbsp}}minutes later, when the first crews arrived on scene, it was reported that the building was well alight and further crews were requested. At the peak of the blaze 100 firefighters were fighting flames that were {{convert|30|ft}} high.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-13277198|title=Worst UK hotel fire in 40 years|date=2011-05-04|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en-GB}}

Some guests woke to the sound of the fire alarm sounding with no immediate signs of smoke or fire.{{cite web|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/1630071.Mum_tells_of_hotel_fire_horror/|title=Mum tells of hotel fire horror|author=David Watkinson|work=Lancashire Telegraph|date=21 August 2007 |accessdate=30 April 2015}} Others reported that the fire alarm could not be heard on the third floor of the hotel, and being hampered in evacuation due to suitcases and obstacles being left in the hallways. Witnesses and guests also spoke of short comings by fire officials as the fire brigade arrived without a ladder long enough to reach the victims on the third floor. A guest spoke of how upon viewing the engine; "I could see no ladder on the fire engine. There was just an engine with a hose."{{Cite news|last=Greenwood|first=Andy|date=2017-08-18|title=Three people died in a devastating hotel fire 10 years ago today|work=plymouthherald|url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/three-people-died-terrifying-hotel-340176|access-date=2018-04-20}}

Over 90 guests and members of staff managed to escape, but three people were killed in the fire. Guest Peter Hughes (a science teacher aged 43 from Staffordshire) died as a result of falling from a second floor window. Hughes' mother Monica (aged 86) also died in the blaze, along with 80-year-old Joan Harper, who was also from Staffordshire.

Investigation

Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service (CFRS) was criticised on how the incident was handled. It was reported that only one fire appliance could be mobilised from Newquay due to a shortage of crew, one appliance was sent and backup was drawn in from surrounding stations, however as previously stated the fire had taken hold by the time of arrival of the first crew. It was found that the shortcoming of appliances did not result in the three deaths. However CFRS upgraded Newquay fire station to 24-hour cover during the summer months when the population rises from an estimated 24,000 to at least 100,000.

At the inquest it was discovered that other factors were seen in the case against the owners of the hotel. Factors for the fire and the poor response were poor fire risk assessment, poor access, lack of water, lack of equipment (high rise ladder) and the FRS (Fire and Rescue Service) being sent to the wrong address.{{Cite news|url=https://www.pssasecurity.org/10-years-after-penhallow-have-we-learned-anything/|title=10 Years after Penhallow: Have we learned anything? - PSSA|date=2017-10-16|work=PSSA|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en-GB}}

Suggested links to Karen Pedley

{{Location map many | United Kingdom Cornwall (mainland)

| width = 300

| float = right

| caption = The locations of Pedley's known arson attacks in Cornwall (red), and the site of the Penhallow Hotel fire

| label = 2002

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| label2 = 2010

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| label3 = 2007

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| label4 = 2008

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| coordinates4 = {{coord|50.266259546192856|-5.046302045694163}}

| label6 = 2006, 09

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| label7 = Penhallow Hotel fire, 2007

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}}

In 2019, a former detective on the investigation into Karen Pedley, a serial arsonist who was active in Cornwall between 2002 and 2010, suggested a link between her and the Penhallow fire.{{Cite episode |title=Karen Pedley |series=Nurses Who Kill|season=3|number=1}} Pedley, from Carharrack, had apparently become obsessed with fire as a child when she became famous locally for saving her family from a night-time house fire.{{cite news |title=Care home worker Karen Pedley given 14 life sentences |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-37727316 |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=BBC News |date=21 October 2016}} In 2016 she was convicted of setting fires in a number of buildings across Cornwall between 2002 and 2010, one of which in 2008 had killed an elderly patient in her care (she was also convicted of murder). Pedley specifically targeted buildings that were known to house the elderly like the Penhallow Hotel, and her motive for her arson attacks was that she was affected by hero syndrome, whereby she started the fires in order to act as the hero by subsequently saving people from it. The lead detective speaking after the Penhallow Hotel fire said they believed that the person who had started the fire had "created a dramatic event to be the centre of attention" in order to try to be a hero.{{cite web |title=Crimewatch UK February 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28WJSUSB7MI |website=Crimewatch |publisher=BBC |format=TV programme |date=February 2008}}

Legal

In 2007, Devon and Cornwall Police stated they would treat the fire as a "major crime" until they found evidence to the contrary.{{Cite news|publisher=RTE|date=2007-08-21|title=Remains thought found after UK hotel fire|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0821/92631-britain/|language=en}} In January 2008, police announced that the fire was being treated as suspicious, and that the deaths were now therefore potential cases of murder.{{cite web|url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=144125&command=displayContent&sourceNode=232762&home=yes&contentPK=19628154|title=West Briton News, Stories & Cornwall Events Online - West Briton|work=West Briton|accessdate=30 April 2015}}

At the inquest into the deaths in 2009, the coroner, Dr. Emma Carylon found there was insufficient evidence to determine that the victims were unlawfully killed, and recorded an open verdict.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-11434171|title=Blaze hotel owners facing court|date=2010-09-29|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en-GB}} In 2010, Cornwall Council and Cornwall fire service brought a civil suit against the owners of Penhallow Hotel and individual staff members for health and safety violations. The owners, O & C Holdsworth Ltd, admitted to two of the charges and were fined £80,000 and ordered to pay £62,000 in costs.

Penhallow Hotel fire

Fire

Investigation

Suggested links to Karen Pedley

Legal

See also

References

Further reading