Penis reduction
{{Short description|Efforts to decrease the girth or length of the human penis}}
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Penis reduction or penis reduction surgery refers to efforts or an assortment of techniques intended to decrease the girth or length of the human penis, especially when erect. The motive behind such a procedure can range from complications such as macropenis,{{cite book|author1=University of California|title=Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality - Volume 4, Issues 7-12|date=1970|page=128}}{{cite book|last1=Liechty|first1=Richard|title=Fundamentals of surgery|date=1989|page=492}} genital lymphedema,{{cite journal|last1=Torio-Padron|first1=Nestor G. |first2=Björn |last2=Stark |first3=Etelka |last3=Földi |first4=Filip |last4=Simunovic |title=Treatment of male genital lymphedema: An integrated concept|journal=Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery|volume=68|issue=2|pages=262–8|date=2015|orig-date=published online 22 October 2014 |doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.003|pmid=25456280}} or sex reassignment.{{cite journal|last1=Jingde|first1=Zhang |last2=Xin|first2=Xing |last3=Entan|first3=Guo |last4=Junhui|first4=Li |last5=Chunyu|first5=Xue |last6=Xiaoyun|first6=Wang |title=Surgical Treatment of Hermaphroditism: Experience With 25 Cases|journal=Annals of Plastic Surgery|date=2009|volume=63|issue=5|pages=543–551|doi=10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181955cf5|pmid=19806042}} It may also be motivated by the shape or size of the extant penis being unviable for intercourse and the associated social liabilities of having macrophallic penile dimensions.{{cite book|last1=Goldwyn|first1=Robert|title=Reduction Mammaplasty|date=1990|page=49|publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0316319775}} The causes of macrophallism can range from sickle cell disease to priapism.{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/14/penis-reduction-surgery_n_6683930.html|title=Penis Reduction Surgery Performed On Teen With Phallus Measuring 10 Inches Around (GRAPHIC)|first=Hilary|last=Hanson|date=14 February 2015|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2018|via=Huff Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215043841/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/14/penis-reduction-surgery_n_6683930.html|archive-date=2015-02-15}} The age range of individuals who have undergone treatment or are purported to have considered it vary including a 17 year old,{{cite web|url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/size-matters-teen-undergoes-worlds-first-penis-reduction-surgery-have-sex-321952|title=Size Matters: Teen Undergoes 'World's First' Penis Reduction Surgery To Have Sex|date=12 February 2015|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2018}} a 52 year old,{{cite web |url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/sex/mans-19-inch-penis-reduced-873195.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109021307/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/sex/mans-19-inch-penis-reduced-873195.html |archive-date=2016-11-09 |website=Female First |date=2015-09-14 |title=Man's 19-Inch Penis to Be Reduced }} a 20 year old{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/sex-and-relationship/040916/a-kenyan-man-cannot-have-sex-because-his-penis-is-too-big.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904102614/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/sex-and-relationship/040916/a-kenyan-man-cannot-have-sex-because-his-penis-is-too-big.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2016|title=A Kenyan man cannot have sex because his penis is 'too big'|date=4 September 2016|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2018}} and a 41 year old named Matt Barr.{{Cite web |date=2024-07-17 |title=Man with Britain's largest penis has revealed why he won't get reduction surgery |url=https://www.ladbible.com/news/uk-news/matt-barr-britain-biggest-penis-channel-4-390280-20240717 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=LADbible |language=en}} The procedure may involve the removal of tissue beneath the skin of the penis,{{cite web|url=http://www.usforacle.com/news/view.php/860822/USF-performs-first-penis-reduction|title=USF performs first penis reduction|website=The Oracle|accessdate=31 October 2018|date=2015-02-17}} amelioration through simple excision procedures,{{cite book|last1=Hallett|first1=John|title=Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery|date=2009|page=871|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4AmAFc50X0C&pg=PA871|isbn=978-0-323-05726-4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211129211921/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=x4AmAFc50X0C&pg=PA871%23v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2021-11-29|access-date=2021-12-21}} or antihypertensive medication.Mostafa, Taymour. [https://scholar.cu.edu.eg/sites/default/files/taymour/files/ha-2016.pdf "Precocious puberty: a question to be answered"]. Human Andrology 6.2 (2016): 31-37, APA. doi: 10.1097/01.XHA.0000473646.90564.16 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129212510/https://scholar.cu.edu.eg/sites/default/files/taymour/files/ha-2016.pdf|date=2021-11-29}} Such procedures have been considered by men with partners who have complained about discomfort of thrusts against the cervixFisher, William A., Nyla R. Branscombe, and Charles R. Lemery. "The bigger the better? Arousal and attributional responses to erotic stimuli that depict different size penises." Journal of Sex Research 19.4 (1983): 377-396. JSTOR:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3812063 3812063]; doi:[https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498309551199 10.1080/00224498309551199] as well as those seeking additional stimulation of the clitoris.Wallen, Kim, and Elisabeth A. Lloyd. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894744/ "Female sexual arousal: Genital anatomy and orgasm in intercourse"]. Hormones and behavior 59.5 (2011): 780-792. doi:[https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.yhbeh.2010.12.004 10.1016%2Fj.yhbeh.2010.12.004] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20211129213133/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894744/ |date=2021-11-29 }} In some ancient periods of history, the diminution of penile size was a desired appearance aesthetically, including those observable in surviving works of art, due to an association with unpretentiousness, reticence and timidity;{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Heather|title=Athletic beauty in classical Greece: A philosophical view|date=2012|page=281|journal=Journal of the Philosophy of Sport|volume=39|issue=2|doi=10.1080/00948705.2012.725900|s2cid=191475516}} artists also wanted to distance themselves from erotic art's obsession with over-sized genitals.