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Penstemon glaber

{{Short description|Plant species in the veronica family}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Penstemon glaber - Brian Dickerson 01.jpg

| image_alt = A plant growing in eroded sand and dark gravel of approximately pea size. The plant has large leaves like a spearhead with the widest part nearer the base and pointed tips, they are attached in pairs on opposite sides of two stems. The stem closer to the frame of the photograph has blue flowers all pointed one direction towards the viewer at the top of the stem. The flowers are tubular and are just budding further up the inflorescence, barely developed at all it its apex.

| image_caption = Blooming in Buffalo Gap National Grassland, South Dakota

| status = {{TNCStatus}}

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{sfn|NatureServe 2025a}}

| genus = Penstemon

| species = glaber

| authority = Pursh

| subdivision_ranks = Varieties

| subdivision_ref = {{sfn|POWO 2025a}}

| subdivision = {{Species list

| P. glaber var. alpinus |

| P. glaber var. brandegeei |

| P. glaber var. glaber |

}}

| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POWO 2025b}}{{sfn|POWO 2025c}}{{sfn|POWO 2025d}}

| synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Species list

| Chelone alpina |

| Penstemon alpinus |

| Penstemon brandegeei |

| Penstemon gordonianus |

| Penstemon gordonii |

| Penstemon magnus |

| Penstemon oreophilus |

| Penstemon riparius |

}}

}}

}}

Penstemon glaber, commonly known as sawsepal penstemon, is a species in the veronica family from western North America. It grows as far north as Montana and North Dakota and as far south as Chihuahua in northern Mexico.

Description

Penstemon glaber is a herbaceous plant with stems that may be {{convert|10 to 80|cm|0|sp=us}} tall, but that are more usually {{cvt|50–65|cm}}. Its stems and leaves are hairless to puberulent or pubescent, having fine, short, usually erect, hairs or being fully covered with hairs. They are not glaucous.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}} Its roots are woody and fibrous.{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}}

The leaves of Penstemon glaber are attached to both the base of the plant and its stems, though at times plants can be missing or have many fewer or smaller basal leaves. All of its leaves have smooth edges.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}} The lower cauline and basal leaves have lower ends that taper to a petiole, a leaf stem.{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}} They measure 2 to 15.5 centimeters long by 0.5 to 4.5 cm wide, but they are usually less than 8 cm long and 2 cm wide. They are obovate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate in shape; like a reversed teardrop, a reversed spear head with the wider portion past the midpoint, or like a spearhead with the widest part nearer the base. The point may be blunt or pointed, occasionally with a mucronate end where the central leaf vein extends beyond the leaf blade.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}}

The leaves further up the stems are {{plantgloss|sessile}}, attached directly to the main stem without a petiole, with two to eight pairs of leaves attached on opposite sides of each stem. The upper leaves have a length of 2.7 to 15 cm and are lanceolate in shape with a wide obtuse point or a narrow acute one. Their bases may be cordate, having heart lobes or ears that wrap around the stem, or they can simply be squared off.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}}

The upper part of each stem is an inflorescence 3 to 30 centimeters long that is secund, with all the flowers facing one direction. The flowers are in three to twelve groups growing from {{plantgloss|node|nodes}} with egg shaped to lanceolate bracts immediately under them. In each node there are two cymes, branched flower stems, each with two to four flowers.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}} The flowers have sepals that are fused with five lobes surrounding the base of the floral tube that have edges that are erose, having an uneven edge as if it were nibbled away.{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}} Flower colors vary from plant to plant, purple, blue-purple, or even rich turquoise blue, though on some plants flower buds blush pink.{{sfn|Heflin|1997|p=20}} Inside of the flower's tube the color is paler, but with dark red-purple nectar guides.{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}} Each flower is moderately {{plantgloss|bilabate}}, two lipped, with two lobes on the upper lip and three on the lower.{{sfn|Robertson|1999|p=42}} The length of the flower is 24–48 millimeters with a diameter of 8–18 mm. The longer pair of stamens can just reach the opening of the flower, but usually all the stamens are contained inside the floral tube. The staminode, the sterile modified stamen, is sparsely covered in woolly hairs that are pale-yellow and as long as 1.5 mm. Its length of 15 to 22 mm means that it can extend slightly beyond the flower's mouth or be entirely contained like the stamens.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}}

The fruit is a capsule 10–17 mm long and 5–8 mm wide.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}}

Taxonomy

File:Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Plate 4319 (Volume 73, 1847).png

Penstemon glaber was scientifically described and named by Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1813.{{sfn|POWO 2025a}} DNA analysis indicates that it is closely related to Penstemon comarrhenus.{{sfn|Wolfe et al. 2006|p=1703}} It is a member of the Penstemon genus in the family Plantaginaceae.{{sfn|POWO 2025a}}

=Varieties=

The species has three recognized varieties according to Plants of the World Online.{{sfn|POWO 2025a}}

==''Penstemon glaber'' var. ''alpinus''==

This variety was scientifically described by John Torrey in 1824 as a species named Penstemon alpinus. In 1862 the botanist Asa Gray described it as a variety of P. glaber.{{sfn|POWO 2025b}} However, as recently as 2003 sources continued to recognize it as a species.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=17}} It grows in the Rocky Mountains and their foothills from Wyoming to New Mexico and also in the adjacent shortgrass prairies as far east as Nebraska. It grows at elevations from {{convert|1500 to 2900|meters}}. Blooming starts as early as June but may be as late as September, but usually not past August.{{sfn|Freeman 2020b}}

==''Penstemon glaber'' var. ''brandegeei''==

In 1874 Thomas Conrad Porter described this as a variety of Penstemon cyananthus. After this it was described as a species by Per Axel Rydberg in 1900 and then as a variety of Penstemon alpinus by Charles William Theodore Penland in 1954, before finally being recognized as a variety of P. glaber by Craig Carl Freeman in 1986.{{sfn|POWO 2025c}}{{sfn|Freeman|1986|p=105}} However, as with var. alpinus it continued to be treated as a separate species in sources into the 2000s.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=24}} It is native to Colorado and New Mexico in the United States and to Chihuahua in Mexico.{{sfn|POWO 2025c}} It grows in sandy or rocky areas of mountains and foothills. Blooming can happen as early as June or as late as August.{{sfn|Freeman 2020c}}

==''Penstemon glaber'' var. ''glaber''==

The autonymic variety is primarily distinguished from the other varieties by having much shorter lobes on its sepals on average, just 2–4.8 mm in length, but also by having rounded or tapering tips that are short and end abruptly.{{sfn|Freeman 2020a}} It is the more northerly of the varieties with a native habitat extending northward from Wyoming and Nebraska into Montana and the Dakotas. It grows at elevations from {{convert|1100 to 2200|meters}}. Blooming can occur as early as July or as late as September, but as with var. alpinus, usually not past August.{{sfn|Freeman 2020d}}

=Synonyms=

Penstemon glaber has {{table row counter|id=Synonyms}} synonyms of its three varieties.{{sfn|POWO 2025b}}{{sfn|POWO 2025c}}{{sfn|POWO 2025d}}

class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="Synonyms"

|+ class="nowrap" | Table of Synonyms

! Name

! Year

! Rank

! Synonym of:

! Notes

Chelone alpina {{small|Spreng.}}

| 1827

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. alpinus

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon alpinus {{small|Torr.}}

| 1824

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. alpinus

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Penstemon alpinus subsp. brandegeei {{small|(Porter) Penland}}

| 1954

|data-sort-value=B | subspecies

| var. brandegeei

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Penstemon alpinus subsp. magnus {{small|(Pennell) Penland}}

| 1954

|data-sort-value=B | subspecies

| var. alpinus

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon alpinus f. riparius {{small|(A.Nelson) Pennell}}

| 1920

|data-sort-value=E | form

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon brandegeei {{small|(Porter) Rydb.}}

| 1900

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. brandegeei

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Penstemon cyananthus var. brandegeei {{small|Porter}}

| 1874

|data-sort-value=D | variety

| var. brandegeei

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Penstemon glaber var. occidentalis {{small|A.Gray}}

| 1862

|data-sort-value=D | variety

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon glaber var. stenosepalus {{small|Regel}}

| 1875

|data-sort-value=D | variety

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon gordonianus {{small|A.Gray}}

| 1860

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het., orth. var.

Penstemon gordonii {{small|Hook.}}

| 1847

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon magnus {{small|Pennell}}

| 1920

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. alpinus

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon oreophilus {{small|Rydb.}}

| 1905

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. alpinus

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Penstemon riparius {{small|A.Nelson}}

| 1898

|data-sort-value=A | species

| var. glaber

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

colspan=5 style="text-align: left;" | Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym

=Names=

The species name, glaber, means smooth, a reference to the hairless stems of the autonymic variety, with the same root as the botanical term {{plantgloss|glabrous}}. The common name sawsepal penstemon comes from the saw-toothed sepal lobes found at the base of the flowers.{{sfn|Van Bruggen|2013|p=100}} It is also known as smooth penstemon or smooth beardtongue,{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=44}}{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}} but it shares these names with other penstemon species like Penstemon digitalis.{{sfn|Holm|2014|pp=246, 290}} Similarly is it also called the blue penstemon,{{sfn|Stubbendieck|Hatch|Butterfield|1992|p=427}} but it shares this name with Penstemon laetus and Penstemon cyaneus.{{sfn|Horn|1998|p=54}}{{sfn|Schreier|1996|p=164}} Rarely, it is called Pikes Peak penstemon because of a very early collection of the species on Pikes Peak,{{sfn|Robertson|1999|p=42}} the first collection of variety alpinus.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=17}}

Range and habitat

File:Penstemon glaber - Matt Berger 01.jpg, South Dakota]]

Sawsepal penstemon grows across many North American states from northern Mexico to the northern United States along the Rocky Mountains. In Mexico it only grows in the state of Chihuahua.{{sfn|Hassler 2025}} In New Mexico it grows in northern parts of the state from Union County to McKinley County.{{sfn|NRCS 2025}} In Colorado it primarily grows east of the Continental Divide in the mountains and the counties at the foot of the mountains.{{sfn|Ackerfield|2015|p=592}} In Wyoming it grows throughout all but the southwestern corner of the state, but is only found in the western panhandle of Nebraska. It is primarily found in western South Dakota and only in a few scattered counties in North Dakota and Montana.{{sfn|NRCS 2025}}

Ecology

The pollen wasp Pseudomasaris vespoides which is presumed to specialize in the collection of pollen from Penstemon species has been collected from sawsepal penstemons.{{sfn|Krombein|1979|p=1472}}

=Conservation=

Penstemon glaber was evaluated by NatureServe in 1988 and rated as secure (G5) at the global level.{{sfn|NatureServe 2025a}} Both alpinus and glaber were rated as apparently secure varieties (T4) in 2000.{{sfn|NatureServe 2025b}}{{sfn|NatureServe 2025d}} However, variety brandegeei is rated as vulnerable (T3).{{sfn|NatureServe 2025c}}

Cultivation

Sawsepal penstemon is among the more popular penstemon species grown in gardens both inside and beyond its native range.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=44}} Both the alpinus and brandegeei varieties are specifically noted for being long-lived.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|pp=17, 24}} When found at high elevations plants are quite small and dainty and seeds from these populations at or above timberline will produce small plants, though not so small as in the wild.{{sfn|Rowntree et al. 2006|p=110}} It tends to be larger in gardens, with brandegeei, being particularly noted for having a larger basket like form with many stems in contrast to the one to three stems on wild plants.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|pp=17, 24, 44}} Over watering or high rainfall can lead to sprawling plants with pale flower color.{{sfn|Lindgren & Wilde 2003|p=44}} Plants are hardy down to {{convert|-20|C|F}} and lower temperatures when kept drier.{{sfn|Phillips|Rix|1993|p=104}}

References

=Citations=

{{reflist}}

=Sources=

;Books

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book |last1=Ackerfield |first1=Jennifer |date=2015 |title=Flora of Colorado |language=en |edition=First |location=Fort Worth, Texas |publisher=Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press |isbn=978-1-889878-45-4 |oclc=910162216}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Heflin |first1=Jean |date=1997 |title=Penstemons : The Beautiful Beardtongues of New Mexico |url=https://archive.org/details/penstemonsbeauti0000hefl/page/20 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |publisher=Jackrabbit Press |isbn=978-0-9659693-0-7 |oclc=39050925 |access-date=21 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Holm |first1=Heather |date=2014 |title=Pollinators of Native plants : Attract, Observe and Identify Pollinators and Beneficial Insects with Native Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/pollinatorsofnat0000holm/page/246 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Minnetonka, Minnesota |publisher=Pollination Press LLC |isbn=978-0-9913563-0-0 |oclc=872266752 |access-date=18 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Horn |first1=Elizabeth L. |date=1998 |title=Sierra Nevada Wildflowers |url=https://archive.org/details/sierranevadawild00horn_0/page/54 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Missoula, Montana |publisher=Mountain Press Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-87842-388-0 |oclc=39545955 |access-date=26 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Krombein |first1=Karl V. |author-link1=Karl Vorse Krombein |date=1979 |title=Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogofhymenop02krom/page/1472 |language=en |volume=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |oclc=3728758 |access-date=22 February 2025}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Lindgren |first1=Dale Tennis |last2=Wilde |first2=Ellen |last3=American Penstemon Society |date=2003 |title=Growing Penstemons : Species, Cultivars, and Hybrids |url=https://archive.org/details/growingpenstemon0000lind/page/44 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Haverford, Pennsylvania |publisher=Infinity Publishing |isbn=978-0-7414-1529-5 |lccn=2004272722 |oclc=54110971 |access-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Lindgren & Wilde 2003}}}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Roger |last2=Rix |first2=Martyn |date=1993 |title=Perennials |url=https://archive.org/details/perennials0000phil/page/104 |url-access=registration |language=en |volume=2, Late Perennials |location=London |publisher=Pan Books, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-330-32775-6 |oclc=650423520 |access-date=26 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=Leigh |date=1999 |title=Southern Rocky Mountain Wildflowers : A Field Guide to Common Wildflowers, Shrubs, and Trees |url=https://archive.org/details/southernrockymou0000robe/page/42 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Helena, Montana ; [Estes Park, Colorado] |publisher=Falcon ; Rocky Mountain Nature Association |isbn=978-1-56044-624-8 |oclc=47010542 |access-date=20 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Rowntree |first1=Lester |last2=Rowntree |first2=Lester B. |last3=Rowntree |first3=Rowan A. |last4=Lowry |first4=Judith Larner |last5=Green |first5=Allison R. |last6=Foster |first6=Rosemary |date=2006 |orig-date=1936 |editor-last1=Rowntree |editor-first1=Lester B. |title=Hardy Californians : A Woman's Life with Native Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/hardycalifornian0000rown/page/109 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=New, Revised |location=Berkeley, California |publisher=University of California |isbn=978-0-520-25051-2 |oclc=69792555 |access-date=26 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Rowntree et al. 2006}}}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Schreier |first1=Carl |date=1996 |title=A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetowild00schr/page/164 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Moose, Wyoming |publisher=Homestead Publishing |isbn=978-0-943972-13-8 |oclc=36031766 |access-date=26 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Stubbendieck |first1=James L. |last2=Hatch |first2=Stephan L. |last3=Butterfield |first3=Charles H. |date=1992 |title=North American Range Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/northamericanran0004edstub_a5e0/page/427 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Fourth |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-4218-0 |oclc=23356788 |access-date=18 February 2025}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Van Bruggen |first1=Theodore |date=2013 |title=Wildflowers & Grasses & Other Plants of the Northern Plains and Black Hills |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowersgrass0000theo/page/100 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Fourth Revised |location=Interior, South Dakota |publisher=Badlands Natural History Association |isbn=978-4-216-38970-8 |oclc=902879238 |access-date=18 February 2025}}

{{Refend}}

;Journals

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite journal |last1=Freeman |first1=Craig C. |date= |title=A New Combination in Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13783065 |journal=Phytologia |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=105–106 |year=1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/biostor-62300 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |access-date=24 February 2025}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Hooker |first1=William Jackson |author1-link=William Jackson Hooker |date=1847 |title=Penstemon gordonii |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/434954 |journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |language=en, la |volume=73 |access-date=25 February 2025}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=Andrea D. |last2=Randle |first2=Christopher P. |last3=Datwyler |first3=Shannon L. |last4=Morawetz |first4=Jeffery J. |last5=Arguedas |first5=Nidia |last6=Diaz |first6=Jose |date=November 2006 |title=Phylogeny, taxonomic affinities, and biogeography of Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) based on ITS and cpDNA sequence data |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=93 |issue=11 |pages=1699–1713 |doi=10.3732/ajb.93.11.1699 |doi-access=free |issn=0002-9122 |jstor=4123186 |ref={{sfnref|Wolfe et al. 2006}}}}

{{Refend}}

;Web sources

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Craig C. |date=29 July 2020 |orig-date=2019 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber |title=Penstemon glaber |website=Flora of North America |page=167 |language=en |isbn=978-0190868512 |oclc=1101573420 |access-date=18 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218202442/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber |archive-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Freeman 2020a}}}}
  • {{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Craig C. |date=29 July 2020 |orig-date=2019 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._alpinus |title=Penstemon glaber var. alpinus |website=Flora of North America |page=169 |language=en |isbn=978-0190868512 |oclc=1101573420 |access-date=18 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218202852/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._alpinus |archive-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Freeman 2020b}}}}
  • {{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Craig C. |date=29 July 2020 |orig-date=2019 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._brandegeei |title=Penstemon glaber var. brandegeei |website=Flora of North America |page=169 |language=en |isbn=978-0190868512 |oclc=1101573420 |access-date=18 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218203314/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._brandegeei |archive-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Freeman 2020c}}}}
  • {{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Craig C. |date=29 July 2020 |orig-date=2019 |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._glaber |title=Penstemon glaber var. glaber |website=Flora of North America |page=169 |language=en |isbn=978-0190868512 |oclc=1101573420 |access-date=18 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218203603/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Penstemon_glaber_var._glaber |archive-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|Freeman 2020d}}}}
  • {{cite web |url=https://www.worldplants.de/ |title=Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.02 |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |date=13 February 2025 |website=World Plants |access-date=18 February 2025 |language=en |ref={{sfnref|Hassler 2025}}}}
  • {{Cite NatureServe |date=31 January 2025 |id=2.135740 |title=Penstemon glaber |access-date=25 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2025a}}}}
  • {{Cite NatureServe |date=31 January 2025 |id=2.138520 |title=Penstemon glaber var. alpinus |access-date=26 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2025b}}}}
  • {{Cite NatureServe |date=31 January 2025 |id=2.143331 |title=Penstemon glaber var. brandegeei |access-date=26 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2025c}}}}
  • {{Cite NatureServe |date=31 January 2025 |id=2.146288 |title=Penstemon glaber var. glaber |access-date=26 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2025d}}}}
  • {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=60431650-2 |title=Penstemon glaber Pursh |access-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025a}}}}
  • {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=187422-2 |title=Penstemon glaber var. alpinus (Torr.) A.Gray |access-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025b}}}}
  • {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=282304-2 |title=Penstemon glaber var. brandegeei (Porter) C.C.Freeman |access-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025c}}}}
  • {{cite POWO |last1=POWO |date=2025 |id=77226136-1 |title=Penstemon glaber var. glaber |access-date=18 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2025d}}}}
  • {{cite usda plants|symbol=PEGL3 |title=Penstemon glaber |date=20 February 2025 |ref={{sfnref|NRCS 2025}}}}

{{Refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15192755}}

glaber