Percy Goetschius

{{Infobox person

| name = Percy Goetschius

| image = Percy Goetschius in old age.png

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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1853|08|10}}

| birth_place = Paterson, New Jersey

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|10|29|1853|08|10}}

| death_place = Manchester, New Hampshire

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| other_names =

| occupation = Music educator

| spouse = {{Marriage|Maria C. C. Stephany|June 14, 1899}}

| children = 2

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| education =

| signature = Signature of Percy Goetschius.png

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}}

Percy Goetschius (August 10, 1853 – October 29, 1943) was an American composer, music theorist, and teacher who won international fame in the teaching of composition and music theory.

Career

Goetschius was born in Paterson, New Jersey.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZToOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA258 |title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography |volume=XIV |publisher=James T. White & Company |pages=258–259 |year=1910 |access-date=2020-12-16 |via=Google Books}} As a youth, he was encouraged in his musical ambitions by Ureli Corelli Hill, a well-known conductor and violinist at the time, who was a friend of the Goetschius family.Thompson, David M.: A History of Harmonic Theory in the United States (Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 1980), p. 37. Young Goetschius held the positions of organist at Paterson's Second Presbyterian Church from 1868 to 1870 and at the same city's First Presbyterian Church from 1870 to 1873, as well as that of pianist to Mr. Benson's Paterson Choral Society. Although his family had intended him to become a surveyor's assistant, he went to Stuttgart, Württemberg (Germany), in 1873 to study composition and music theory at the Royal Conservatory with Immanuel Faisst, and soon advanced to become Faisst's teaching assistant and eventually a professor. In 1885, King Charles of Württemberg conferred upon him the title of Royal Professor. He composed much, and also reviewed musical performances for the Stuttgart and broader German press. Syracuse University conferred an Honorary Music Doctorate on Goetschius for the academic year 1892–1893. In 1892, he took a position in the New England Conservatory, Boston, and four years later opened a studio in that city. In 1905, he went to the staff of the Institute of Musical Art (which later merged into Juilliard School) in New York City, headed by Frank Damrosch. Goetschius retired from the Institute in 1925 and spent the remainder of his life in Manchester, New Hampshire, continuing to write into his eighties.

Goetschius's notable pupils include Pauline Alderman, Henry Cowell, Lillian Fuchs, Howard Hanson, Swan Hennessy, Julia Klumpke, Daniel Gregory Mason, Wallingford Riegger, Bernard Rogers, Alice Marion Shaw, Carrie Burpee Shaw, Arthur Shepherd, and Milton Suskind. Although Goetschius as a teacher had a fundamentally conservative outlook, he appears to have been sensitive and supportive towards his students' individuality, encouraging, for example, Henry Cowell's early experiments with tone clusters.Shepherd, Arthur (1944). "Papa" Goetschius in Retrospect. The Musical Quarterly, 30(3), pp. 307-318.

Selected music theory textbooks

Goetschius published several textbooks on theory, including:

The Material Used in Musical Composition (New York: G. Schirmer)

:: 1st ed. (1882); {{oclc|558882224}}

:: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082266770;view=1up;seq=7 2nd ed.] ([https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_0sAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 alternate link]) (1889)

:: [https://books.google.com/books?id=Gf0sAAAAYAAJ 4th ed.] (1895)

:: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu61473820;view=1up;seq=5 8th ed.] (1907); {{oclc|20836840}}

:: [https://archive.org/details/materialusedinm00goetgoog 14th ed.] ([https://archive.org/details/materialusedinmu005519mbp 1941 print]) (1913, 1915, 1941); {{oclc|854588114|603255234|981774965}}, {{oclc|989474583}}

The Theory and Practice of Tone-Relations (Boston: New England Conservatory, 1892); {{oclc|62459269|875583226}}

:: 11th ed. New York: G. Schirmer (1913); {{oclc|10390239}}

:: [https://archive.org/details/theorypracticeof1917goet 15th ed.] (1917)

:: 24th ed., New York: G. Schirmer (1931); {{oclc|351740363}}

Models of the Principal Musical Forms (Boston: New England Conservatory, 1892); {{oclc|957765390}}
[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/19354/19354-h/19354-h.htm Lessons in Music Form], Boston: Oliver Ditson (1904)
Exercises in Melody Writing (New York: G. Schirmer)

:: [https://books.google.com/books?id=HV4QAAAAYAAJ 1st ed.] (1900); {{oclc|497628594}}

:: [https://archive.org/download/exercisesinmelod00goet/exercisesinmelod00goet.pdf 2nd ed.] (1903)

:: ?? ed. (1905); {{oclc|250682608}}

:: [https://archive.org/details/exercisesinmelo00goetgoog 6th ed.] (1908)

:: 7th ed. (1910)

:: 11th ed. (1923)

:: ?? ed. (1928); {{oclc|459452058}}

The Larger Forms of Musical Composition (New York: G. Schirmer)

:: 5th ed. (1915); {{oclc|989390504}}

:: 7th ed. (1915); {{oclc|752431436}}

The Homophonic Forms of Musical Composition (New York: G. Schirmer)

:: [https://archive.org/download/homophonicforms00goetgoog/homophonicforms00goetgoog.pdf 1st ed.] (1898)

:: ? ed. (1901); {{oclc|499943798}}

:: [https://archive.org/download/homophonicforms00goetiala/homophonicforms00goetiala.pdf 3rd ed.] (1905)

:: 3rd ed. (1908)

:: 4th ed. (1907); {{oclc|757059439|752431426}}

:: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044039657978;view=1up;seq=7 7th ed.] (1913)

:: [https://books.google.com/books?id=js4FAQAAIAAJ 8th ed.] (1915); {{oclc|1844527}}

:: [https://archive.org/download/homophonicformso00goetiala/homophonicformso00goetiala.pdf 9th ed.] (1918); {{oclc|868507364}}

:: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3563601;view=1up;seq=7 10th ed.] (1921)

:: 11th ed. (1923)

Music Theory for Piano Students, co-authored with Clarence Grant Hamilton, John P. Marshall, Will Earhart (Boston: Oliver Ditson)

:: (1924); {{oclc|5020226}}

:: ?? (1930)

Exercises in Elementary Counterpoint (G. Schirmer)

:: 5th ed. (1910); {{oclc|756994501}}

Counterpoint (New York: G. Schirmer, 1930)
The Structure of Music (Philadelphia: T. Presser, 1934)

As of the mid-20th century, use of Goetschius' books, as texts, is rare; albeit, the books contain original theoretical ideas and pedagogical approaches that endure today.

Goetschius' theory of harmonic progression

Perhaps the most important theory put forth by Goetschius is that of natural harmonic progression, which first appeared in The Theory and Practice of Tone-Relations. According to Goetschius' theory, the triad V in a key resolves to the tonic triad I because of the acoustically perfect interval of the fifth between the root of V and that of I:

center

Goetschius believed that, since the upper tone of the fifth is a harmonic of the lower, a chord rooted on the upper tone demands to be "resolved" by progressing to the chord rooted on the lower tone. Moreover, this theory is extended to other chords in a key, so that the normal tendency of a chord (triad or seventh chord) in a key is to progress to the chord rooted a fifth lower.

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Family

{{cquote|My family name is (or should be) pronounced get'she-us. The family hails from Switzerland (1714), where the name was Götschi. One of my ancestors, middle of the 18th century, an earnest Latin scholar, affixed the Latin terminal us.|25px|25px| Percy Goetschius, as he told the Literary Digest}}

He was married twice, the second time to Maria C. C. Stephany on June 14, 1899. He had two children.

Percy Goetschius died at his home in Manchester, New Hampshire on October 29, 1943.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/65409120/deaths-and-funerals-dr-percy/ |title=Deaths and Funerals: Dr. Percy Goetschius |newspaper=The Boston Globe |location=Manchester, New Hampshire |page=33 |date=1943-10-31 |access-date=2020-12-16 |via=Newspapers.com}}

References

=General=

[https://urresearch.rochester.edu/fileDownloadForInstitutionalItem.action;jsessionid=53589C8BB5D98E8E2135D89D2A7C2D9B?itemId=6317&itemFileId=10082&usg=AFQjCNFwAcTLh-2otg7B76O8wQde4Y1kmw&cad=rja Percy Goetschius, Theorist and Teacher] (Ph.D. dissertation), by Mother Catherine Agnes Carroll, RSCJ (1910–1996), Eastman School of Music (1961); {{oclc|31051516|12860645}}
Note: Mother Carroll had been a long-standing music professor at Manhattanville College
A History of Harmonic Theory in the United States, by David M. Thompson (PhD) (born 1951), Kent State University Press (1980); {{OCLC|681085691}}
As of 2017, Thompson is Professor Emeritus at Marian University, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, where he taught music theory, history, music administration, and American music

=Inline citations=

{{Reflist|100em|refs=

[https://books.google.com/books?id=ABxEAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Percy+Goetschius%22&pg=RA2-PA609 Annual Report of the Regents] (Vol. 106), University of the State of New York, James B. Lyon, State Printer, pg. 609 (1893); {{oclc|460851224|150088199}}

[https://books.google.com/books?id=db5BRVgw-TAC&dq=%22goetschius+percy%22&pg=PA274 New Jersey Biographical Dictionary] (2008–2009 ed.; Vol. 1 of 2), Caryn Hannan (ed.), State History Publications (2008), pps. 274–276 ; {{oclc|245610040}}

What's the Name, Please?, by Charles Earle Funk, Funk & Wagnalls (1936, 1938), pg. 71; {{oclc|759066016|3142055}}

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