Peripheral consonant
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Short description|Non-coronal (lip and nasal) consonants}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
In Australian linguistics, the peripheral consonants are a natural class encompassing consonants articulated at the extremes of the mouth: labials (lip) and velars (soft palate). That is, they are the non-coronal consonants (palatal, dental, alveolar, and postalveolar). In Australian languages, these consonants pattern together both phonotactically and acoustically. In Arabic and Maltese philology, the moon letters transcribe non-coronal consonants, but they do not form a natural class.
Phonology
class="wikitable" align="center"
|+ Australian peripheral consonants{{cite book|first=R. M. W. |last=Dixon | author-link=Robert M. W. Dixon |title=Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780|page=63|isbn=0521473780 }} ! ! Bilabial ! Velar |
Stop
|align="center"| {{IPA link|p}} |align="center"| {{IPA link|k}} |
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Nasal
|align="center"| {{IPA link|m}} |align="center"| {{IPA link|ŋ}} |
Approximant
|align="center" colspan="2"| {{IPA link|w}} |
Australian languages typically favour peripheral consonants word- and syllable-initially, and they are not allowed or common word- and syllable-finally, unlike the apicals.
In the extinct Martuthunira, the peripheral stops {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} shared similar allophony. Whereas the other stops could be voiced between vowels or following a nasal, the peripherals were usually voiceless.