Permanent Observer of the Holy See to UNESCO
{{Short description|Diplomatic mission}}
The Permanent Observer of Holy See to UNESCO is the representative of the Holy See to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which is based in Paris. The Church also has representatives at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York and at the headquarters of a number of its other international bodies in Geneva and Nairobi.
The first to hold the position was Angelo Roncalli, who was also the Nuncio to France and a titular archbishop.{{efn|He was also soon to become a cardinal (1953) and then Pope John XXIII (1958).}} Only one of his successors, Paolo Bertoli, has held those titles while serving as Permanent Observer. His immediate successor was typical of most: a priest who only became nuncio and archbishop when given his next assignment as Apostolic Nuncio to Costa Rica.
List of permanent observers
- Angelo Roncalli (9 June 1952{{cite book | page= 26 | date= 2009 | first = Roman A. | last = Melnyk | title = Vatican Diplomacy at the United Nations: A History of Catholic Global Engagement | publisher = Edwin Mellon Press }}{{cite web |url =https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/2002/may/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20020510_unesco.html |date= 10 May 2002 | title= Address of John Paul II to the International Catholic Center for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |access-date = 20 August 2019 | website = Libreria Editrice Vaticana}} – 12 January 1953){{efn|Roncalli's term as Permanent Observer ended when Pope Pius XII made him a cardinal and appointed him Patriarch of Venice in January 1953. The ceremonies creating him a cardinal took several days. On 12 January Roncalli received his cardinal's biretta in Paris while Pius proclaimed him a cardinal in Rome at the consistory's first session.{{cite book | access-date = 20 August 2019 | last= Pham | first= John-Peter |url = https://archive.org/details/heirsoffisherman00pham| url-access = registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/heirsoffisherman00pham/page/69 69] | title= Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession |publisher= Oxford University Press | date= 2004 | isbn= 9780195346350 }}{{cite news|title=Heads of 4 States to Vest Cardinals|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1952/12/13/96493543.pdf|access-date= 20 August 2019|work=New York Times|date=13 December 1952}}{{cite news|last1=Cortesi|first1=Arnaldo|title=Pope to Elevate Cardinals Today|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/01/12/83833566.pdf|access-date= 20 August 2019| work=New York Times|date=12 January 1953}} Pius announced the Venice appointment at another session of the consistory on 15 January.{{cite book | access-date = 20 August 2019 |date= 2001 | publisher = Médiaspaul | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zXfXBcMMSnsC&pg=PA126 | page= 126 | title = The Pope's Caress | author = Pope John XXIII |isbn= 9782894204825 }}}}
- Giuseppe Sensi (16 May 1953{{cite book |access-date = 25 November 2019 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | page= 655 | date= 1953| volume = XXXXV }} – 21 May 1955){{cite book |access-date = 25 November 2019 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-47-1955-ocr.pdf | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | page= 475 | date= 1955| volume = XXXXVII }}{{efn|Sensi's term as Permanent Observer ended when he was named a titular archbishop and Nuncio to Costa Rica, though one source dates the end of his service as 1956.{{cite book |page= 171 |last= Lentz III | first = Harris M. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ongwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 | date= 2015 | publisher = McFarland |title=Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary |isbn= 9781476621555 }}}}
- unknown{{efn|One account identifies Paolo Bertoli as the representative in 1960, but he had just ended his posting as Nuncio to Lebanon and become Nuncio to France on 16 April 1960.{{cite journal | language= fr | first= Chloé |last=Maurel | title =L'influence du Vatican et des réseaux catholiques à l'Unesco (1945-1974) |journal= Cahiers d'histoire. Revue d'histoire critique | date= 1 January 2014 | access-date = 20 August 2019 | url = http://journals.openedition.org/chrhc/2767 |quote= En 1960, à l’ouverture de la conférence générale de l’Unesco, est même célébrée une messe, par Mgr Bertoli, observateur du Saint-Siège auprès de l’Unesco, à l’église Saint-Francois-Xavier.}}}}
- Angelo Pedroni (4 November 1960{{cite book | title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | access-date = 19 January 2020 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-52-1960-ocr.pdf | date = 1960| volume = LII | page = 932}}{{cite book | access-date = 20 August 2019 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zs3pF6_bMSEC&pg=PA150 | page= 150 | title = Obispos, arzobispos y representantes de la Santa Sede en Costa Rica |language= es| date= 1984 | publisher = EUNED | first = Ricardo | last = Blanco Segura |isbn = 9789977640792}} – 7 April 1965){{efn|He is identified as Permanent Observer in February 1965{{cite news | access-date = 20 August 2019 | url = https://thecatholicnewsarchive.org/?a=d&d=CTR19650218-01.2.185 | title = Ending of Atomic Fear Held Man's Chief Désire | date= 18 February 1965 | work = The Catholic Transcript }} and is named a titular archbishop and Apostolic Delegate to Thailand and Laos on 7 April 1965.{{cn|date=August 2019}}}}
- Giovanni Benelli (1964 – 1966){{cite book |page= 21 |last= Lentz III | first = Harris M. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ongwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 | date= 2015 | publisher = McFarland |title=Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary |isbn= 9781476621555 }}{{cite book | page= 161 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TBo_FJ8z5d4C&pg=PA161 | date= 1996 | title = Journet Maritain Correspondance: 1965-1973 | publisher = Editions Saint-Augustin |isbn = 9782880114145}}
- unknown
- Luigi Conti (9 August 1971{{cite book | access-date = 19 January 2020 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-63-1971-ocr.pdf | date = 1971 |volume = LXIII | pages = 719 }}{{cite news | work= Le Monde | access-date = 20 August 2019 |url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1975/08/08/religion_2576136_1819218.html | date= 8 August 1975 | title = Religion | language = fr }} – 5 August 1975){{cite book | access-date = 19 January 2020 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-67-1975-ocr.pdf | date = 1975 |volume = LXVII | pages = 507 }}
- Lorenzo Frana (13 August 1975{{cite book | access-date = 19 January 2020 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-67-1975-ocr.pdf | date = 1975 |volume = LXVII | pages = 507 }} – 11 May 2002){{cite web | url =https://www.assau.org/31e-session-de-la-conference | title =L'UNESCO tel "l'Aréopage du monde" en vue de la paix: Mgr Lorenzo Frana à la 31e session de la Conférence Générale de l'UNESCO |language= fr |date= 19 October 2001 | website = Les Amis du Saint Siège auprès de l'UNESCO | quote =Au cours des 26 ans passés comme Observateur permanent du Saint-Siège auprès de l’UNESCO }}{{cite news | work= Eco di Bergamo | access-date = 20 August 2019 | language = it | title = Gandino in lutto, addio a monsignor Frana | url = https://www.gandino.it/news/gandino-in-lutto-addio-a-monsignor-frana | via= Gandino.it |date= 8 November 2005}}{{efn|Pope John Paul II called Frana the Permanent Observer the day before he named Follo to the post.}}
- Francesco Follo (11 May 2002{{cite press release | language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 11.05.2002 | date = 11 May 2002 | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/05/11/0246/00773.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office }} – 11 November 2021){{cite press release | language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 11.30.2021 | date = 11 November 2021 | access-date = 4 December 2021 | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2021/11/30/211130a.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office}}
- Eric Soviguidi (11 November 2021 - present)
See also
Notes
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