Permopsocida

{{Short description|Extinct genus of insects}}

{{automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range |Moscovian|Cenomanian}}

| image = Psocorrhyncha burmitica.jpg

| image_caption = Psocorrhyncha burmitica

| taxon = Permopsocida

| parent_authority =

| authority = Tillyard, 1926

| synonyms =

| subdivision_ranks =

| subdivision =

• †Psocidiidae
• †Permopsocidae
• †Archipsyllidae

}}

File:Permopsocida.jpg

Permopsocida is an extinct order of insects known from the Carboniferous (Moscovian) to the Mid-Cretaceous. It is part of Paraneoptera, alongside bark lice (including lice), bugs and thrips. Within Paraneoptera it is considered to be closer to the clade containing bugs and thrips rather than bark lice, with an estimated divergence during the Late Carboniferous. The group was first named as a suborder by Robert John Tillyard in 1926, and was raised to a full order by Huang et al. in 2016.{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Di-Ying |last2=Bechly |first2=Günter |last3=Nel |first3=Patricia |last4=Engel |first4=Michael S. |last5=Prokop |first5=Jakub |last6=Azar |first6=Dany |last7=Cai |first7=Chen-Yang |last8=van de Kamp |first8=Thomas |last9=Staniczek |first9=Arnold H. |last10=Garrouste |first10=Romain |last11=Krogmann |first11=Lars |date=March 2016 |title=New fossil insect order Permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects (Hexapoda: Acercaria) |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=23004 |doi=10.1038/srep23004 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4785345 |pmid=26961785 |bibcode=2016NatSR...623004H}} It is currently divided up into three families, Psocidiidae which is known from the Late Carboniferous to Liassic. Permopsocidae which is only known from the Permian, and Archipsyllidae, which is known from the Late Triassic{{Cite journal |last=Lambkin |first=Kevin J. |date=2018-02-20 |title=A new genus and species of the family Archipsyllidae (Insecta: Paraneoptera: Permopsocida) from the Late Triassic of Queensland |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4382.1.9 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4382 |issue=1 |pages=192–194 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4382.1.9 |pmid=29689945 |issn=1175-5334 |access-date=2020-05-01 |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225101525/https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4382.1.9 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} to mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). While most members of the group are known from compression fossils, several members of Archipsyllidae are 3 dimensionally preserved in Burmese amber, which has helped clarify the morphology and phylogenetic position of the group.{{Cite journal |last1=Yoshizawa |first1=K. |last2=Lienhard |first2=C. |year=2016 |title=Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects:new insights from Cretaceous amber |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4079 |issue=2 |pages=229–45 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4079.2.5 |pmid=27396002 |issn=1175-5334 |doi-access=free|hdl=2115/61234 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=F. |last2=Zhang |first2=W. |last3=Liu |first3=X. |year=2016 |title=A new genus and species of the paraneopteran family Archipsyllidae in mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4105 |issue=5 |pages=483–90 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4105.5.4 |pmid=27394792 |issn=1175-5334}}{{cite journal |last1=Beutel |first1=R. G. |last2=Prokop |first2=J. |last3=Müller |first3=P. |last4=Pohl |first4=H. |year=2019 |title=†Bittacopsocus—a new bizarre genus of †Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4576 |issue=2 |pages=357–366 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9 |pmid=31715767}} The morphology of the mouthparts suggests that they were capable of suction feeding and chewing, with preserved angiosperm pollen grains in the gut of Psocorrhyncha suggesting that at least some members of the group were pollenivorous.

File:41598 2016 Article BFsrep23004 Fig4 HTML.jpg (a) Thysanoptera (c) and Hemiptera (d)|alt=|right]]

File:41598 2016 Article BFsrep23004 Fig2 HTML.jpg