Personal numbering

Personal numbering is the name for the virtual telephone number service in the UK. Typically the national destination code used for this service is 70, dialled as 070 from within the UK and +44 70 from outside. The service provides a flexible virtual telephone number able to be routed to any other number, including international mobiles. For example, the UK number +44 70 0585 0070 might route to an Inmarsat satellite phone number, allowing the user to have a UK number while roaming globally.

History

In the United States, AT&T ran a trial in 1991{{cite web |url=http://www.telescapes.com.au/resource/oftelpnrev1.htm#A%20Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Global%20Personal%20Number%20Market |title=700 Personal Numbering Trials in the USA |first=John |last=Bensley |work=Papers |publisher=TeleScapes |date=1998-03-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815095310/http://www.telescapes.com.au/resource/oftelpnrev1.htm#A%20Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Global%20Personal%20Number%20Market |archive-date=2000-08-15 }} which led, in 1992, to the AT&T EasyReach 700 service{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/29/business/lifetime-telephone-numbers-that-ring-anywhere-you-go.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title=Lifetime Telephone Numbers |work=The New York Times |date=1992-04-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713160217/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/29/business/lifetime-telephone-numbers-that-ring-anywhere-you-go.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |archive-date=2009-07-13 }}{{cite news |url=http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/13.46.html#subj6 |title=AT&T announces Easy Reach 700 |publisher=ncl |date=1992-05-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961202145739/http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/13.46.html#subj6 |archive-date=1996-12-02 }}{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,975495,00.html |title=The 700 Club |publisher=Time |date=1992-05-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309011526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,975495,00.html |archive-date=2008-03-09 }} of follow me numbers, on area code 700.

= Early days =

After protracted lobbying of Oftel throughout 1992, FleXtel launched the UK's first Personal Telephone Number Service, using the 0956 7xxxxx number range in December 1993,{{cite news |url=http://www.flextel.com/news/financial-times-1993.gif |title=Small Company Launches Caller Pays Service |work=Financial Times |date=1993-12-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019210135/http://www.flextel.com/news/financial-times-1993.gif |archive-date=2012-10-19 }} within the old One2One 0956 xxxxxx mobile number range.{{cite web |url=http://www.gbnet.net/net/uk-telecom/p2-2.html#13 |title=09567 Flextel classic |date=1996-05-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961220073629/http://www.gbnet.net/net/uk-telecom/p2-2.html#13 |archive-date=1996-12-20 |access-date=2014-01-18 }}

= 070 introduction =

In 1995 the UK telecoms regulator, Oftel (now Ofcom), moved geographic area codes starting 0x1 to new 01x1, and starting 02xx to 09xx to new 012xx to 019xx, thus freeing many of the former 02xx to 09xx codes for new uses. Oftel reserved the whole of the 070 xxxx xxxx range exclusively for personal numbering, imitating the USA area code 700. FleXtel migrated its existing customers from the old 0956 7xxxxx numbers to new 070 107x xxxx numbers during a two-year transition phase, ending 28 April 2001.{{cite web |url=http://www.oftel.gov.uk/publications/1999/numbering/qanum999.htm |title=The Big Number - your questions answered |date=2000-10-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010619025009/http://www.oftel.gov.uk/publications/1999/numbering/qanum999.htm |archive-date=2001-06-19 |quote="(Note e) ... Numbers starting 0956 7 will change to 070 107. ..." }}{{cite web |url=https://groups.io/g/centraloffice/topic/49580285 |title=UK Area/STD Codes |date=2006-02-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215223627/https://groups.io/g/centraloffice/topic/49580285 |archive-date=2025-02-15 }}{{citation needed |date=February 2025}}

Fraudulent use

For two decades this service was plagued with "significant scamming activity" of various sorts{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/070options/ |title=Review of the 070 personal numbering range |author=Ofcom |publisher=Office of Communications |date=2008-10-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018153736/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/070options/ |archive-date=2008-10-18 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/consumers-warned-about-070-missed-call-scam |title=Consumers warned about 070 missed call scam |publisher=Ofcom |date=2013-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927125313/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/consumers-warned-about-070-missed-call-scam |archive-date=2018-09-27 |access-date=2018-09-27 }} as users can mistakenly assume they are calling a UK mobile telephone number that generally costs far less.{{cite web |url=https://www.connect-communications.co.uk/blog/the-hidden-cost-of-a-telephone-number/ |title=The real cost to phone a premium rate or geographic telephone number |last=Walker |first=Nicky |website=Connect Communications Services |date=2017-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920011315/https://www.connect-communications.co.uk/blog/the-hidden-cost-of-a-telephone-number/ |language=en-GB |access-date=2020-06-08 }}

:(For the telephone numbering plan context of 070 numbers see Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom).

= Call cost scams =

A range of scams revolve around UK residents being tricked into making calls to 070 numbers that attract much larger than normal call costs.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39896315 |title=Ofcom opens investigation into the cost of 118 calls |publisher=BBC News |date=2017-05-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516085757/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39896315 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |access-date=2018-09-27 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/publications/numbering/pers0501.htm |title=Restoring trust in Personal Numbering |author=Oftel |publisher=Ofcom |date=2001-05-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040508075555/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/publications/numbering/pers0501.htm |archive-date=2004-05-08 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/ind_info/numbering/070guide.htm |title=Personal Numbering - Guidance on the acceptable use of 070 Numbers |author=Oftel |publisher=Office of Telecommunications |date=2004-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040417195529/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/ind_info/numbering/070guide.htm |archive-date=2004-04-17 }}{{cite web |url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/070options/summary/070options.pdf |title=Review of the 070 personal numbering range |author=Ofcom |publisher=Office of Communications |date=2008-10-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720175033/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/070options/summary/070options.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-20 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.flextel.com/ofcom/ |title=Working with Ofcom for Consumer Empowerment |author=FleXtel |publisher=FleXtel Ltd |date= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019173941/http://www.flextel.com/ofcom/ |archive-date=2012-10-19 }}

=False UK number scams=

In its full format (e.g. +44 70 0585 0070) an 070 number will be internationally recognisable as a UK number - even though it might in fact terminate to a mobile number anywhere - this feature is used in a variety of scams.{{cite web |url=https://www.fraudhelpdesk.org/alerts/foreign-international-calls/ |title=What to do with (international) phone scams? |website=Fraudhelpdesk.org |date=2016-02-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501010505/https://www.fraudhelpdesk.org/alerts/foreign-international-calls/ |archive-date=2016-05-01 |access-date=2018-09-27 }}

Ofcom reforms

Concerned at the number of scams, Ofcom consulted on removing revenue share from the 070 range and this took effect in 2009. They had previously considered other options such as moving this service to the unused 06 number range or enforcing a pre-call announcement of the call charges. Although consulted on, those other remedies were never put into effect.

Concerned at the lack of transparency and the high retail charges for calls to 070 numbers, Ofcom launched a call cost review in 2017.{{cite press release |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/media/media-releases/2017/telephone-review-value-callers |title=Telephone review to ensure value for callers |publisher=Ofcom |date=2017-05-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625031540/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/media/media-releases/2017/telephone-review-value-callers |archive-date=2018-06-25 }} This led to a consultation in 2018 which recommended capping the termination rate or wholesale rate at no more than the rate for calling a mobile number.{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-1/review-070-number-range |title=Personal numbering – Review of the 070 number range |publisher=Ofcom |date=2018-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202334/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-1/review-070-number-range |archive-date=2018-09-08 }} Those changes took effect on 1 October 2019{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/new-rules-combat-high-call-costs-scams |title=New rules to combat high call costs and scams come into force today |publisher=Ofcom |date=2019-10-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008004047/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/new-rules-combat-high-call-costs-scams |archive-date=2019-10-08 }} and several phone providers have already passed the saving on by now including calls to 070 numbers within inclusive allowances.{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/phone-numbers/how-much-does-a-phone-call-really-cost/ |title=Call costs guide |author=Ofcom |publisher=Office of Communications |date=2023-02-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630030101/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/phone-numbers/how-much-does-a-phone-call-really-cost/ |archive-date=2024-06-30 |quote=070: personal numbers ... Some phone companies include calls to 070 numbers in call allowances. }}{{Citation needed|reason=Can't find any examples|date=September 2020}}

It is reported that scams on this number range fell by 75%{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/fall-in-scam-calls-following-ofcom-action |title=Fall in scam calls following Ofcom action |publisher=Ofcom |date=2020-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202185621/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/fall-in-scam-calls-following-ofcom-action |archive-date=2020-12-02 }}{{cite web |url=https://blog.ttnc.co.uk/scam-calls-fall-by-75/ |title=Scam calls fall by 75% |publisher=TTNC |date=2020-10-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203003747/https://blog.ttnc.co.uk/scam-calls-fall-by-75/ |archive-date=2020-12-03 }} in the year following this change.

References

Category:Telephone numbers