Peter Losha
{{Short description|14th-century Albanian ruler in medieval Epirus}}
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Pjetër Losha was an Albanian clan leader in medieval Epirus. He belonged to the Losha fis (clan or tribe) and was the leader of a combined force of his own clan and the fis of Mazaraki and Malakasi. In 1360, he became Despot of Arta, Rogoi and the area of Amphilochia. He died in 1374 and was succeeded by his close ally, Gjin Bua Shpata. The Chronicle of the Tocco is an important primary source for his life and the Albanians in medieval Epirus in general.
Life
Losha's genealogy or birth date is unknown. He belonged to the Losha clan, which according to Aristidh Kola, was a branch of Bua tribe.{{Harvnb|Kollias|1990|page=16.}} Presumably he was born in Epirus as his tribe was from there as well. The word lios means "pockmark" in Albanian. He was part of the Albanian attacks in the remnants of Byzantine Epirus. In 1358–59, Albanian clans overran the regional feudal rulers and established themselves under Gjin Bua Shpata and Pjetër Losha.{{harvnb|Hammond|1976|p=59}} In 1358 the Albanians overran Epirus, Acarnania and Aetolia, and established two principalities under their leaders, John Spatas (shpatë in Albanian meaning a sword) and Peter Leosas (lios in Albanian meaning a pockmark. He had a son named Gjin. Losha led the Albanian force against Nikephoros II Orsini at the Battle of Achelous that won him the rule of Arta; he founded his domain around Arta with the help of the Mazaraki and Malakasi clans.Epeirotica 2.220; cf. 222 f The domains he gained after the battle also included Rogoi and Amphilochia, as mentioned in the Chronicle of Ioannina. In 1360, Simeon Uroš, the titular Serbian Emperor, in an attempt to avoid conflict with the Albanians and as an acknowledgment of their military strength decided to the leave the areas of Arta and Aetolia to Shpata and Losha.{{harvnb|Sansaridou-Hendrickx|2017|p=292}} In 1360, avoiding conflict with the Albanian forces and admitting thus their military superiority, Symeon Uros left in their hands Aetolia, which was divided between two rulers belonging to the Albanian race (genos), namely Gjin Bouas Spatas, who became Despot of Acheloos and Angelokastron, and Peter Liosas who was made Despot of Arta, Rogoi and the region of Amphilochia.
In 1366, Toma Preljubović succeeded Simeon as ruler of Epirus. His rule marked a renewal of hostilities in the region as from 1367 to 1370, Ioannina, the capital of Preljubović, came under constant siege and was blocked by the Mazaraki and Malakasi clans under Losha.{{cite book|last=Nicol|first=Donald MacGillivray|title=The Despotate of Epiros, 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC&pg=PA142|access-date=3 February 2013|year=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521261906|pages=142–5}}{{cite book|author=M. V. Sakellariou|title=Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Ekdotikē Athēnōn|isbn=978-960-213-371-2|quote=For the Albanian tribes of the Mazarakaioi and the Malakasioi, led by Peter Losha the despot of Arta,}} A truce was signed when Pjetër’s son Gjin was betrothed to Thomas's daughter Irina.{{cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA350|access-date=3 February 2013|year=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472082605|pages=351–2}} She died in the 1375 plague that affected the region and hostilities began again.{{sfn|Sansaridou-Hendrickx|2017|p=294}}
Possessions
His estates included the Epirote cities of:
Family
He had a son named Gjin, who married Irina Preljubović, the daughter of Thoma.
References
{{reflist}}
=Sources=
- {{Citation| last=Fine| first=John Van Antwerp| year=1994| title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest| publisher=The University of Michigan Press| place=Ann Arbor, Michigan| isbn=0-472-08260-4| mode=cs1}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Sansaridou-Hendrickx |first1=Thekla |title=The Albanians in the Chronicle(s) of Ioannina: An Anthropological Approach |journal=Acta Patristica et Byzantina |date=2017 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=287–306 |doi=10.1080/10226486.2010.11879131 |s2cid=163742869 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10226486.2010.11879131|url-access=subscription }}
- {{cite book|last=Hammond|first=Nicholas|title=Migrations and invasions in Greece and adjacent areas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9saAAAAYAAJ|access-date=4 February 2013|year=1976|publisher=Noyes Press|isbn=9780815550471}}
- {{Citation| last=Jireček| first=Konstantin Josef| author-link=Konstantin Josef Jireček| year=1911| title=Geschichte der Serben| volume=1| publisher=Friedriech Andreas Perthes A.-G.| place=Gotha, Germany| language=de| url=https://archive.org/details/geschichtederser00jire| mode=cs1}}
- {{cite book |last=Kollias |first=A. |date=1990 |lang=el |script-title=el:Αρβανίτες και η καταγωγή των Ελλήνων |trans-title=Arvanites and the Origin of the Greeks |location=Athens |publisher= |edition=6th}}
- {{Citation| last=Mihaljčić| first=Rade| author-link=Rade Mihaljčić| year=1975| script-title=sr:Крај Српског царства| publisher=Srpska književna zadruga| place=Belgrade| language=sr| mode=cs1}}
- {{citation | title=The Despotate of Epiros 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages | first=Donald MacGillivray | last=Nicol | author-link=Donald Nicol | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-521-13089-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC}}
- {{citation| title=The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331–1355) and his successors | first = George Christos | last=Soulis | publisher=Dumbarton Oaks | year= 1984 | isbn = 0-88402-137-8}}
- {{citation| title=Recueil de travaux de l'Institut des études byzantines|volume=33|author=Vizantološki institut| publisher=Naučno delo | year= 1994 }}
- {{citation| title=Zbornik radova|volume=16-18|author=Vizantološki institut| publisher=Naučno delo | year= 1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O05oAAAAMAAJ&q=Петар+Љош }}
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{{s-ttl|title=Despot of Arta
Under the Serbian Empire|years=1359–1374}}
{{s-aft|after=Gjin Bua Spata}}
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{{Albanian noble families}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Losha, Peter}}
Category:14th-century Albanian people
Category:People from the Serbian Empire
Category:Medieval Albanian nobility