Peter N. Peregrine
{{Short description|American anthropologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Peter Neal Peregrine
| image =Peter N Peregrine.jpg
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| caption = Peter N. Peregrine
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|11|29}}
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| death_date =
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| citizenship = American
| nationality =
| fields = Anthropology, archaeology
| workplaces = Lawrence University, Wisconsin USA; Human Relations Area Files at Yale University
| alma_mater = Purdue University (PhD 1990)
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors = Richard Blanton
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = North American archaeology
quantitative analysis of cultural evolution
cross-cultural research
scientific anthropology
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
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| footnotes =
}}
Peter N. Peregrine (born November 29, 1963) is an American anthropologist, registered professional archaeologist,{{cite web |url=https://rpa.memberclicks.net/index.php?option=com_community&view=profile&userid=2000215605 |title=Register of Professional Archaeologists }} and academic.{{cite book |title=Who's Who in America |edition= 63 |publisher=Marquis Who’s Who |location=Berkeley Heights, NJ |year=2009}} He is well known for his promotion of the use of science in anthropology,{{cite news |newspaper=Chronicle of Higher Education |date=Nov 30, 2010 |url=http://chronicle.com/article/Anthropologists-Debate-Whether/125571/ |title=Anthropologists Debate Whether 'Science' Is a Part of Their Mission |author=David Glenn}}{{cite news |newspaper=New York Times |date=December 9, 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/10/science/10anthropology.html |title=Anthropology a Science? Statement Deepens a Rift |author=Nicholas Wade}} and for his popular textbook Anthropology (with Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember).{{Cite book|title=Anthropology|author=Carol R. Ember|author2=Melvin Ember|author3=Peter N. Peregrine|isbn=9780205957187|edition= Fourteenth |location=Boston|oclc=882738863|date = 2014-09-07}} Peregrine did dissertation research on the evolution of the Mississippian culture of North America, and conducted fieldwork on Bronze Age cities in Syria. He is currently Professor of Anthropology and Museum Studies at Lawrence University and Research Associate of the Human Relations Area Files at Yale University.{{Cite news|url=http://hraf.yale.edu/about/staff/|title=Meet Our Team|date=2013-11-14|work=Human Relations Area Files - Cultural information for education and research|access-date=2018-09-23|language=en-US}} From 2012 to 2018 he was an External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
Peregrine developed a comprehensive data set and methodology for conducting diachronic cross-cultural research. He used this to write the Atlas of Cultural EvolutionPeter N. Peregrine, Atlas of Cultural Evolution, World Cultures 14(1), 2003 and, with Melvin Ember, the Encyclopedia of Prehistory.{{cite encyclopedia |editor2-first=Peter Neal |editor2-last=Peregrine |editor2-link=Peter N. Peregrine |editor1-first=Melvin |editor1-last=Ember |editor1-link=Melvin Ember |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Prehistory |volume=9 Volumes |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |location=New York |year=2001–2002}} He developed the organizational structure for the Human Relations Area Files (eHRAF) Archaeology.{{cite web |url=http://www.yale.edu/hraf/archaeology.htm |publisher=Human Relations Area Files |title=eHRAF Archaeology}}
Peregrine has conducted archaeological fieldwork in North America, Syria,{{Cite book|title=Subsistence and Settlement in a Marginal Environment: Tell es-Sweyhat, 1989-1995|last=Zettler|first=Richard|publisher=Museum Applied Science Center for Archaeology|year=1997|location=Philadelphia|pages=73–84}} and South America.{{Cite journal|last=University|first=Lawrence|date=2016|title=Geophysical Survey of Ventanillas, a Prehispanic Administrative Center in the Jequetepeque River Valley, Cajamarca District, Peru|url=https://lux.lawrence.edu/archaeological_reports/6/|journal=Lux|language=en}} Much of his fieldwork has involved the use of geophysical techniques to identify buried archaeological deposits. In 2009 Peregrine started the Lawrence University Archaeological Survey, which focuses on using geophysical techniques to locate unmarked graves in early Wisconsin cemeteries.{{Cite journal|last=University|first=Lawrence|date=2014|title=Geophysical Survey of Wisconsin Burial Site OU-0122: Outagamie County Insane Asylum Cemetery|url=https://lux.lawrence.edu/archaeological_reports/5/|journal=Lux|language=en}}
In 2011 Peregrine was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Science, 23 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6063, pp. 1659–1663
Contributions to North American archaeology
Peregrine has published extensively on the Mississippian culture that affected numerous peoples in North America, and on archaeological method and theory.{{cite web|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n92-8762|title=WorldCat Identities:Peregrine, Peter N. (Peter Neal) 1963-|publisher=OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.}}SSCI average 17 citations per year (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitationReport.do?product=WOS&search_mode=CitationReport&SID=3B3aD5bGcA4jhp77faL&page=1&cr_pqid=14&viewType=summary){{Cite book|title=Archaeological research : a brief introduction|author=Peregrine Peter N.|isbn=9781629583433|edition= 2nd|location=London|oclc=912045453|date = 2016-04-30}} Peregrine argued that Mississippian cultures should be seen as participants in a large system that integrated much of eastern North America in a single political economy. He initially employed world-systems theory to do this, arguing that large centers were cores of political and economic authority, which were supported by peripheral regions though the exchange of objects used in rituals of social reproduction, such as initiation and marriage.{{cite book |author=Peter N. Peregrine |title=Mississippian Evolution: A World-Systems Perspective |location=Madison |publisher=Prehistory Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-1881094005}} The Mississippian cores themselves competitively manufactured and traded these objects, linking them into what Peregrine called a prestige-goods system. Polities vied for power over exchange, and rose and fell as their ability to control prestige-goods strengthened or waned. The response to Peregrine’s view was mixed, with some calling it “exaggerationalist” and others adopting it into their own work.{{cite book |author=King, Adam |title=Etowah: The Political History of a Chiefdom Capitol |location=Tuscaloosa |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0817312244}}
In the mid-1990s Peregrine and colleagues Richard Blanton, Gary M. Feinman, and Steven Kowalewski developed “dual-processual” theory in studying Mesoamerican civilization.{{Cite journal|last1=Blanton|first1=Richard E.|last2=Feinman|first2=Gary M.|last3=Kowalewski|first3=Stephen A.|last4=Peregrine|first4=Peter N.|date=1996|title=A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization|journal=Current Anthropology|volume=37|issue=1|pages=1–14|jstor=2744152|doi=10.1086/204471|s2cid=51751402}} Peregrine also applied this theory to Mississippian polities.
Dual-processual theory posits that political leaders adopt strategies for implementing power ranging along a continuum from being highly exclusionary to highly inclusive. Exclusionary (or network) strategies are like those, which Peregrine said, were in place among Mississippian polities. Peregrine argued that inclusive (or corporate) ones were in place among some Ancestral Puebloan polities. While not without controversy, dual processual theory has come to be seen as a valuable tool for understanding both Mississippian and Ancestral Puebloan polities.{{cite book |author1=Butler, Brian |author2=Welch, Paul |title=Leadership and Polity in Mississippian Societies |location=Carbondale |publisher=Center for Archaeological Investigations |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-88104-090-6}}
More recently Peregrine and colleague Steven Lekson have argued that the Mississippian and Ancestral Puebloan worlds should be viewed as linked together, along with Early Postclassic Mesoamerica, in a continent-wide “oikoumene”.{{cite book |author1=Peter N. Peregrine |author2=Steven Lekson |chapter=The North American Oikoumene |editor=Timothy Pauketat |editor-link=Timothy Pauketat |title=Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology |pages=64–72 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0195380118}} They argue that only such a continental perspective can allow archaeologists to understand broad processes of coordinated change, such as the emergence of urban-like communities in many parts of North America around 900 CE. Again, though not without controversy, Peregrine’s multi-regional perspective has been seen as useful for addressing some questions in North American archaeology.{{cite book |author-link=Timothy Pauketat |author=Pauketat, Timothy R. |chapter=Questioning the Past in North America |editor=Timothy Pauketat |title=Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology |pages=3–17 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0195380118}}
Contributions to cross-cultural studies
In addition to archaeology Peregrine has also made a number of contributions to cross-cultural studies. The focus of his work has been on developing archaeological correlates for various types of behavior, including warfare, postmarital residence, and social stratification.see, e.g., Melvin Ember et al. "Cross-cultural research as a Rosetta Stone for finding the original homelands of language groups," Cross-Cultural Research Volume 40, Number 1, pages 18-28, 2006. Peregrine also developed new methodologies for conducting diachronic cross-cultural research using archaeological cases.{{Cite journal|last1=Peregrine|first1=Peter N.|last2=Ember|first2=Carol R.|last3=Ember|first3=Melvin|date=2004|title=Universal Patterns in Cultural Evolution: An Empirical Analysis Using Guttman Scaling|journal=American Anthropologist|volume=106|issue=1|pages=145–149|jstor=3567449|doi=10.1525/aa.2004.106.1.145}}{{Cite book|title=Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies|last=Smith|first=Michael E.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|location=Tucson|pages=4–20; 165–191}} Peregrine is now using diachronic cross-cultural research to explore how ancient societies were able to successfully build resilience to climate-related disasters.{{Cite journal|last=Peregrine|first=Peter N.|date=January 2018|title=Social Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters in Ancient Societies: A Test of Two Hypotheses|journal=Weather, Climate, and Society|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=145–161|doi=10.1175/wcas-d-17-0052.1|doi-access=free}} He argues that this work may help modern societies to create policies to enhance resilience to the increasing frequency of climate-related disasters caused by climate change.{{Cite journal|last=Peregrine|first=Peter Neal|date=2017-06-05|title=Political participation and long-term resilience in pre-Columbian societies|journal=Disaster Prevention and Management|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=314–329|doi=10.1108/dpm-01-2017-0013|issn=0965-3562}}
References
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