Petronell-Carnuntum

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Petronell-Carnuntum

| native_name =

| settlement_type = Municipality

| image_skyline = Heidentor (3413019236).jpg

| imagesize =

| image_caption = The Heidentor in Petronell Carnuntum

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| image_shield = AUT Petronell-Carnuntum COA.svg

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| pushpin_map = Austria

| pushpin_mapsize = 270

| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria

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| map_caption = Location within Bruck an der Leitha district

| coordinates = {{coord|48|7|N|16|51|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = Austria

| subdivision_type1 = State

| subdivision_name1 = Lower Austria

| subdivision_type2 = District

| subdivision_name2 = Bruck an der Leitha

| parts_type =

| parts_style = para

| p1 =

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Martin Almstädter (SPÖ)

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| area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}

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| elevation_m = 175

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| population_as_of = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_as_of}}

| population_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_footnotes}}

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| population_density_km2 = auto

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| timezone = CET

| timezone_DST = CEST

| utc_offset = +1

| utc_offset_DST = +2

| registration_plate =

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 2404

| area_code_type = Area code

| area_code = 02163

| website = [https://www.petronell.at www.petronell.at]

| footnotes =

}}

Petronell-Carnuntum is a community of Bruck an der Leitha in Austria. It is known for its proximity to the former Roman fort of Carnuntum.

History

The village derives the second half of its name, Carnuntum, from the ancient Roman legionary fortress and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD, and later a large city of 50,000 inhabitants.{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ilyK1_1f0zYC&pg=PA54 |page= 54&–55 |title=Historical Dictionary of Austria |first=Paula |last=Sutter Fichtner |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=2009 |isbn=9780810863101}}{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BtncoXdlxdkC&pg=PA109 |page=109 |title=The Danube: A Cultural History |first=Andrew |last=Beattie |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2010 |isbn=9780199768356}}

File:Carnuntum Amphiteater Zivilstadt.jpg Amphiteater|left]]

A 2000-year-old amphitheatre, which was built outside the city walls around the late 2nd century is still partly standing. The arena was originally surrounded by stadium seating for 13,000 spectators. A hexagonal basin, speculated to be a baptismal font, was built in the 4th century AD.{{cite web | title=Civilian City's Amphitheatre | website=Römerstadt Carnuntum | url=https://www.carnuntum.at/en/visitor-information/venues-and-orientation-in-carnuntum/civilian-citys-amphitheatre/civilian-citys-amphitheatre | access-date=14 December 2021}}

The Romans gave up the city in the 5th century, but the settlement remained inhabited. Agnes of Poitou (d. 1077), the widow of Emperor Henry III, gave the lands, which extended to Rohrau Castle, to Count Palatine Rapoto V of Bavaria. He possibly dedicated the local church to the patron Saint Petronilla in her honour. This gave the name to the first half of the town name, Petronell.

At the beginning of the 12th century Henry's descendent Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg, gave the lands to Hugo von Liechtenstein (d. 1156).[https://www.burgliechtenstein.eu/de/die-burg/hugo-von-liechtenstein.html Der Erbauer der Burg - Hugo von Liechtenstein], Website der Burg Liechtenstein Hugo built Liechtenstein Castle about 45 km to the west. He was the progenitor of the House of Liechtenstein, the ruling family of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Petronell and Rohrau, which became his own property in 1142 from feudal property, remained important Liechtenstein seats during the High Middle Ages.

File:Schloss Petronell.jpg

After the Liechtensteiners, the lords of Kranichberg took over the property by marriage in 1306. From 1496 the estate was in the hands of different owners until it came to Ernst III of Traun by marriage in 1650 who was made Count of Abensberg-Traun in 1653. Petronell Castle was rebuilt after previous buildings (medieval castle, Renaissance castle) from 1660 to 1667 by Dominico Carlone (around 1615-1679) in the form of a four-winged castle complex for the Abensperg-Traun family in the early Baroque style. It was owned by the Abensperg-Traun family for 17 generations and was sold to a private investor in 2006.

Geography

Petronell-Carnuntum lies in the Industrieviertel area of Lower Austria. About 26 percent of the municipality is forested. It lies on the southern bank of the Danube, southwest of Hainburg an der Donau.

Transport

=Trains=

Petronell-Carnuntum Bahnhof is served by services to Rex 7 and S7 to Wolfsthal and Vienna.

Population

= Population development =

From 1991 to 2001, both the birth balance and the migration balance were negative. After that, immigration was stronger than the negative birth balance.{{cite web |access-date=2020-10-14 |format=PDF |publisher=Statistik Austria |title=Ein Blick auf die Gemeinde Petronell-Carnuntum, Bevölkerungsentwicklung |url=https://www.statistik.at/blickgem/G0201/g30718.pdf}}

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bar:1890 from:0 till:971 text:971

bar:1900 from:0 till:954 text:954

bar:1910 from:0 till:1072 text:1.072

bar:1923 from:0 till:1180 text:1.180

bar:1934 from:0 till:1163 text:1.163

bar:1939 from:0 till:1137 text:1.137

bar:1951 from:0 till:1256 text:1.256

bar:1961 from:0 till:1214 text:1.214

bar:1971 from:0 till:1236 text:1.236

bar:1981 from:0 till:1241 text:1.241

bar:1991 from:0 till:1202 text:1.202

bar:2001 from:0 till:1158 text:1.158

bar:2011 from:0 till:1192 text:1.192

bar:2021 from:0 till:1269 text:1.269

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Culture

The World Theatre Festival Art Carnumtum ({{langx|de|Art Carnuntum Welttheater Festival}}) is held each year in the ancient amphitheatre. Art Carnuntum is a cultural organisation that aims support the cultural and philosophical heritage of Europe and promotes classical drama in both traditional and contemporary styles. The festival was founded around 1988 by Piero Bordin,{{cite web | title=About us | website=Home | url=https://www.artcarnuntum.com/en/ABOUT-US/ | access-date=14 December 2021}} who died suddenly in March 2021. His daughter Constantina Bordin is artistic director.{{cite web| url=https://www.noen.at/niederoesterreich/kultur-festivals/nachgefragt-constantina-bordin-jede-sekunde-war-eine-sternstunde-petronell-carnuntum-art-carnuntum-constantina-bordin-nachgefragt-print-287139666|title=Constantina Bordin: „Jede Sekunde war eine Sternstunde“| work=NÖN.at|date = 26 August 2021}} Collaborators from Greece include Irini Pappas, Michalis Kakogianis, and Theodoros Terzopoulus, and the popular festival has become known as an international centre for ancient drama as well as European classical and modern music.

The festival was held in August in 2021.{{cite web | title=Art Carnuntum Welttheater Festival 2021 | website=Hephaestus Wien | date=26 July 2021|first=Georg| last=Gstrein | url=https://hephaestuswien.com/art-carnuntum-welttheater-festival-2021/ | language=de | access-date=14 December 2021}}

Politics

The local council has 19 members.

1990: 11 SPÖ, 5 ÖVP and 3 Petronell citizens' list.
1994: 10 SPÖ, 5 ÖVP and 4 Petronell citizens' list.
1995: 8 SPÖ, 7 ÖVP and 4 Petronell citizens' list.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 1995 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G19951/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}
2000: 12 ÖVP, 5 SPÖ and 2 Petronell citizens' list.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 2000 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G20001/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}
2005: 10 ÖVP and 9 SPÖ.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 2005 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G20051/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}
2010: 11 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ and 1 FPÖ.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 2010 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G20101/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}
2015: 9 ÖVP, 9 SPÖ and 1 FPÖ.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 2015 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G20151/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}
2020: 11 SPÖ and 8 ÖVP.{{cite web |access-date=2021-11-25 |title=Land Niederösterreich - Gemeinderatswahl 2020 |url=https://www.noe.gv.at/wahlen/G20201/Index.html#/G30718.htm}}