Petunia integrifolia
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Violet Petunia Rose.jpg
|image_caption =
|genus = Petunia
|species = integrifolia
|authority = (Hook.) Schinz & Thell.{{cite book |last=Nowick |first=Elaine |title=Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTTaCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA437 |date=1 October 2014 |publisher=Lulu.com |location=Lincoln, NE |isbn=978-1-60962-058-5 |page=437}}
|synonyms = {{plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
- Nierembergia phoenicea D. Don
- Nierembergia punicea Sendtn.
- Petunia dichotoma Sendtn.
- Petunia phoenicea D. Don ex Loudon
- Petunia violacea Lindl.
- Salpiglossis integrifolia Hook.
- Stimoryne purpurea Raf.
}}
|synonyms_ref = {{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/29600082?tab=synonyms |title=Tropicos.org |accessdate=13 September 2015}}
}}
Petunia integrifolia (syn. Petunia violacea), the violet petunia{{cite book |last=Nowick |first=Elaine |title=Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTTaCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA437 |date=1 October 2014 |publisher=Lulu.com |location=Lincoln, NE |isbn=978-1-60962-058-5 |page=437}} or violetflower petunia,{{PLANTS|id=PEIN5|taxon=Petunia integrifolia|accessdate=23 September 2015}} is a species of wild petunia with violet-colored blooms.{{cite web |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30584 |title=Petunia integrifolia |publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System |work=U.S. Geological Survey |date=1996 |accessdate=12 September 2015 |author=ITIS on-line database}}{{cite web |url=http://homeguides.sfgate.com/petunia-violacea-plants-43465.html |title=Petunia Violacea plants |publisher=Demand Media |accessdate=12 September 2015 |author=Michelle Wishhart}} Petunia integrifolia is native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001024437;jsessionid=2902B8AC765F4835889FE20D1B3EE0C6
P. integrifolia bears flowers approximately 1.5 inch in diameter and the plant is typically smaller and harder to cultivate than the well-known hybrid bedding Petunia now known correctly as Petunia × atkinsiana.{{cite web |url=http://alienplantsbelgium.be/content/petunia-integrifolia |title=Petunia integrifolia |date=2011 |accessdate=12 September 2015 |author=Quentin Groom}}{{cite web |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a601 |title=Petunia (group) |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |accessdate=12 September 2015}}
Taxonomy
The species was first described as Salpiglossis integrifolia by William Jackson Hooker in 1831.{{citation |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14218#page/236/mode/1up |chapter=Plate 3113 and two pages of descriptive text |title=Curtis's botanical magazine |author=William Jackson Hooker |volume=5 (new series) = volume 58 |year=1831}} It was transferred to the genus Petunia as P. integrifolia by Hans Schinz and Albert Thellung in 1915.{{citation |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101325#page/368/mode/1up |year=1915 |title=Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich |volume=60 |page=361 |author=Hans Schinz |chapter=Petunia integrifolia in Mitteilungen aus dem botanischen Museum der Universität Zürich (LXXI.)}} Petunia inflata had sometimes been considered to be a subspecies of P. integrifolia, but the two have different native ranges, with P. inflata growing in more northern areas.{{citation |author1=Ando, T. |author2=Ishikawa, N. |author3=Watanabe, H. |author4=Kokubun, H. |author5=Yanagisawa, Y. |author6=Hashimoto, G. |author7=Marchesi, E. |author8=Suárez, E. |year=2005 |title=A Morphological Study of the Petunia integrifolia Complex (Solanaceae) |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=887–900 |url= |doi=10.1093/aob/mci241 |pmid=16103037 |pmc=4247055}}{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
Hallucinogen
Petunia violacea Lindl. has been reported to be used as a hallucinogen in Ecuador, where the plant has the vernacular name shanín. The drug is said to cause sensations of levitation and flight – a type of hallucination often associated with the use of the more toxic hallucinogenic plants of the deliriant type; e.g., the tropane-containing Atropa and Hyoscyamus, active constituents of the witches' flying ointments of Medieval and Early Modern Europe.Schultes, Richard Evans Hallucinogenic Plants a Golden Guide, pub. Golden Press N.Y., 1976, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number : 74-21666, page 150.
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Petunia integrifolia}}
- {{Commons category-inline}}
- [http://www.gardenguides.com/taxonomy/violetflower-petunia-petunia-integrifolia/ P. integrifolia{{'}}s entry at Gardenguides.com]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q160825}}