Phacelia formosula

{{short description|Species of plant}}

{{speciesbox

|image = Phacelia formosula 1.jpg

|status = {{TNCStatus}}

|status_system = TNC

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|genus = Phacelia

|species = formosula

|authority = Osterh.

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Phacelia formosula is a rare species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name North Park phacelia. It is endemic to the state of Colorado in the United States, where it is known only from the North Park region in Jackson County.[http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/collection/cpc_viewprofile.asp?CPCNum=3354 Phacelia formosula.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026054404/http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/Collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=3354 |date=2011-10-26 }} Center for Plant Conservation It is threatened by a number of human activities, such as motorcycle and off-road vehicle use in its habitat.{{cite web |last1=NatureServe |title=Phacelia formosula |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.138184/Phacelia_formosula |access-date=21 November 2023 |location=Arlington, Virginia |date=2023}} It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This plant was first collected on August 6, 1918, near Walden, Colorado. It was placed on the US Endangered Species List on September 1, 1982.USFWS. [http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/860321.pdf North Park Phacelia Recovery Plan.] March 1986. There are eight to eleven occurrences of the plant for a total of fewer than 5000 individuals. All but two of the occurrences are small.

This biennial herb grows to a maximum height around 22 centimeters. The leaves have blades deeply cut into lobes. The inflorescence is a scorpioid cyme, an array of branches curved into a curl that resembles the tail of a scorpion. Blooming occurs in July and August. The flowers are pollinated by insects, including the pollen wasp Pseudomasaris zonalis.

The plant only grows in North Park, a large basin in northern Colorado. There it is limited to ravines and bare slopes of eroding rock originating from the Coalmont Formation. The substrate is sandy and rust-colored and it contains coal. Few other plants grow on the slopes.

The decomposing rock slopes are popular with off-road vehicle users. The vehicles erode the substrate, disturbing the plants. Other threats include trampling and grazing by livestock, coal extraction, and petroleum exploration.

In early 2024 it was reported that there might be more individuals in the wild than previously thought.{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Michael |date=2024-03-19 |title=Feds toast recovery of a once-endangered Colorado plant |url=https://www.eenews.net/articles/feds-toast-recovery-of-a-once-endangered-colorado-plant/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=E&E News by POLITICO |language=en-US}}

File:North Park Phacelia (5716434630).jpg|P. formosula in full bloom in late July.

File:Phacelia formosula FWS 13859.jpg|Detail of flower

File:Phacelia formosula (29809152858).jpg|Inflorescence detail

File:Phacelia formosula FWS 13860 (cropped).jpg|Foliage and flowers