Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica#References

File:Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica locator map.png

Commonly P. hieroglyphica blooms in spring, with three to four star-shaped flowers that open simultaneously and last two to three months; a well-established specimen with keikis can produce more than 50 flowers. Their fragrance is said to be faintly rose-like{{cite book|last=Frowine, National Gardeners Association|first=Steven A|title=Orchids for Dummies |publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc |location=Hoboken, NJ (USA)|isbn=0-7645-6759-4 |page=133|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcqTWGLwdaoC&dq=phalaenopsis+hieroglyphica&pg=PA133|accessdate=13 June 2013|format=Google eBook |date=September 14, 2011}} or strongly citrus-like.{{cite web|last=Ikedo|first=Tsuneo|title=Morphology, Regional Difference and Taxonomy|url=http://www.ranwild.org/Phalaenopsis/module/introduction/intro2/Efeature.html#Anchor-8471|work=Phalaenopsis Species: Ecology, Morphology and Cultivation|accessdate=3 July 2013}} The background of the flower can be white to ochre, sometimes with a tinge of green at the tips, and the glyphs on the sepals and stamens can be cinnamon or a purple hue.{{cite journal|last=Mirenda|first=Thomas|author2=Osen, James|title=Summer Phalaenopsis|journal=Genus of the Month Bulletin|date=August 2008|page=584|url=http://www.aos.org/images/img_content/PDFs/Phalaenopsis_for_summer.pdf|publisher=American Orchid Society|access-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727060750/https://www.aos.org/images/img_content/PDFs/Phalaenopsis_for_summer.pdf|archive-date=2014-07-27|url-status=dead}} The flowers are comparatively larger and the glyphs more pronounced than those of P. lueddemanniana.{{cite book|last=Frowine|first=Steven A.|title=Moth Orchids: The complete guide to Phalaenopsis|year=2008|publisher=Timber Press, Inc.|location=Portland, OR (USA)|isbn=978-0-88192-870-9|page=34}} The characteristic glyphs are retained in P. hieroglyphica hybrids.

As a monopodial epiphyte, it is found growing on and hanging down from trees in shady locations on the islands of Polillo, Palawan, Mindanao (in Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur) and Luzon at elevations below {{convert|1700|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. Of its genus, this species grows in the coolest and deeply shady locations of humid forests.{{cite web|title=Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica|url=http://chm.aseanbiodiversity.org/templates/regionalchm/taxonomictree/SpeciesSummary.php?taxonID=17123#Classification|work=Biodiversity Information Sharing Service (ASEAN Clearing House Mechanism)|publisher=ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity|accessdate=18 June 2013}} Not much is known about its natural habitat, including its pollinators.{{cite book|last=Christenson|first=Eric|title=Phalaenopsis: A Monograph|year=2001|publisher=Timber Press, Inc.|location=Portland, OR (USA)|isbn=978-0881924947|pages=[https://archive.org/details/phalaenopsis00eric/page/292 292–93]|url=https://archive.org/details/phalaenopsis00eric/page/292}}

The species was first cultivated in England by Hugh Low & Company from a specimen delivered by collector William BoxallFor a profile of Boxall's work as a "veteran orchidist", see: {{cite web|title=Obituary|url=http://bernard.lagrelle.pagesperso-orange.fr/Stuartiana/boxall.html|work=The Orchid Review|accessdate=1 July 2013|date=November 1910}} in 1887.

Since 1975 this species has been considered vulnerable to extinction and listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). To protect against overcollection, an export permit is required in international trade of specimens taken from their natural habitat.{{cite web|last=Ikedo|first=Tsuneo|title=Procurement of Phalaenosis[sic] Species|url=http://www.ranwild.org/Phalaenopsis/module/introduction/intro3/Epurchasehead.html|work=Phalaenopsis Species: Ecology, Morphology and Cultivation|accessdate=2 July 2013}} Protection from loss and degradation of the natural habitat are also concerns.

The accepted synonym Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana var. hieroglyphica reflects its naming in 1887 by German orchidologist H. G. Reichenbach.See {{cite journal|last=Reichenbach|first=H. G.|title=Phalaenopsis lüeddemanniana, var. hierogphyphica, n. var.|journal=The Gardeners' Chronicle|year=1887|series=3|issue=2|page=586|url=http://www.epidendra.org/taxones/Phalaenopsis/Phalaenopsis%20hieroglyphica/Phalaenopsis%20lueddemanniana%20var.%20hieroglyphica/pahalenopsis_lueddemanniana_var_hieroglyphica_prot.pdf|accessdate=16 June 2013}}{{cite book|last=Cootes|first=Jim|title=The Orchids of the Philippines|year=2001|publisher=Timber Press|location=Portland, Or.|isbn=978-0881925166|page=155|edition=hardbound|author2=Banks, David P. |author3=Titmuss, David }} In 1969, American botanist H. R. Sweet elevated its ranking to species.See {{cite journal|last=Sweet|first=Herman Royden|title=P. lueddemanniana var. hieroglyphica|journal=American Orchid Society Bulletin|year=1969|volume=38|page=36}} The accepted synonym Polychilos hieroglyphica is traced to Malaysian botanist Shim in 1982.See {{cite journal|last=Shim|first=Phyau Soon|journal=Malayan National Journal|year=1982|volume=36|issue=1|page=23}}

The morphological characteristics of P. hieroglyphica reported by H. R. Sweet {{cite book|last=Sweet|first=Herman R[oyden]|title=The Genus Phalaenopsis|year=1980|publisher=The Orchid Digest Inc.|location=[S.I.]|edition=Orchids of the World Vol. 1}} and Eric A. Christenson{{cite book|last=Christenson|first=Eric A.|title=Phalaenopsis: A Monograph|year=2001|publisher=Timber Press, Inc.|location=Portland, OR (USA)|isbn=978-0881924947|pages=[https://archive.org/details/phalaenopsis00eric/page/128 128–30]|url=https://archive.org/details/phalaenopsis00eric/page/128}} point to species classification and intragenus relationships confirmed by DNA analysis findings published in 2009.{{cite journal|last=Niknejad|first=A. |author2=Kadir, M. A. |author3=Kadzimin, S. B. |author4=Abdullah, N. A. P |author5=Sorkheh, K.|title=Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among and within (Epidendroideae: Orchidaceae) based on RAPD analysis|journal=African Journal of Biotechnology|date=October 19, 2009|volume=8|issue=20|pages=5225–40|issn=1684-5315}}

File:Leptotes.jpg

In the epiphytes of Phalaenopsis, moisture is stored primarily in the leaves and photosynthesis-generating sugar primarily in the fleshy roots. In Phalaenopsis species with horizontal stems, such as P. hieroglyphica, the leaves are pendant and grow downward to drain rainwater away from the plant. The reproductive organ is the column, found between the two largest petals of Phalaenopsis orchids. The lip, connected to the flower by the column, aids in pollination. The lip in all Phalaenopsis orchids has three lobes, as depicted in a general orchid flower diagram (left). In the seminal work Fertilisation of Orchids, Charles Darwin detailed these and other observable characteristics of orchid specimens, including Phalaenopsis species, to determine biological mechanisms of species adaptation, survival and ecological relationships.

The leaf is oblong and leather-like, up to {{convert|12|in|cm}} long and {{convert|2.5|in|cm}} wide, tapering to the base, acute or obtuse at the tip. The inflorescence of Phalaenopsis ranges from arching to suberect, raceme or panicle, up to {{convert|13|in|cm}} long and many-flowered, with ovate to hooded bracts up to {{convert|0.2|in|cm}} long, appearing on the stem which emerges between the leaves. Flowers are star-shaped, up to {{convert|2|to|3.5|in|cm|abbr=off}}, with transverse barring on the sepals and petals.

The Labellum or Lip is three-lobed, up to {{convert|1|in|cm}} long and {{convert|0.75|in|cm}} wide, with lateral lobes being cleft and oblong, the intermediate or mid-lobe being oblanceolate to obtuse with a raised central ridge covered with trichomes. The dorsal sepal is elliptic, inward-sloping, up to {{convert|1.5|in|cm}} long and {{convert|0.69|in|cm}} wide; the lateral sepal is obliquely oblong to elliptic and tapering, channeled along the midvein, up to {{convert|1.6|in|cm}} long and less than {{convert|0.75|in|cm}} wide.

Petals are ovate to elliptic, wedge-shaped, up to {{convert|1.3|in|cm}} long and {{convert|0.6|in|cm}} wide. The column is cylindrical and slightly arching, up to {{convert|0.5|in|cm}} long, and the pedicel and ovary are both up to {{convert|0.75|inch}} long.

{{Reflist}}

• Boosey, Jane. 2007. 300 Orchids: Species, Hybrids and Varieties in Cultivation. Buffalo, NY (USA) and Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. {{ISBN|978-1554072965}}. See p406 for brief morphology.
• Cootes, Jim. 2001. The Orchids of The Philippines. Portland, OR (USA): Timber Press, Inc. {{ISBN|978-0881925166}}. See p156 for brief morphology.

• {{Commons-inline|Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica|Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica}}
• {{Wikispecies-inline|Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica|Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica}}
• [http://www.phals.net/hieroglyphica/index_e.html Varieties of Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica]
• [http://www.picsearch.com/index.cgi?q=phalaenopsis+hieroglyphica&submit.x=80&submit.y=43&submit=Search%2521 Picsearch images]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160921152901/http://www.epidendra.org/ Epidendra: The Global Orchid Taxonomic Network (at the University of Costa Rica)]

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hieroglyphica

Category:Orchids of the Philippines