Phialophora

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}

{{Distinguish|text = Phialiphora, a plant genus}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image =Phialophora_verrucosa_002.jpg

| image_caption =

| taxon = Phialophora

| authority = Medlar (1915){{cite journal | last1 = Medlar | first1 = E.M. | year = 1915 | title = A New Fungus, Phialophora verrucosa, Pathogenic for Man | journal = Mycologia | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 200–203 | doi = 10.2307/3753363 | jstor = 3753363 }}

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision =

• Phialophora americana
• Phialophora asteris
• Phialophora avicenniae
• Phialophora bubakii
• Phialophora cinerescens
• Phialophora europaea
• Phialophora parasitica
• Phialophora reptans
• Phialophora repens
• Phialophora verrucosa

}}

Phialophora is a form genus of fungus with short conidiophores, sometimes reduced to phialides; their conidia are unicellular. They may be parasites (including on humans), or saprophytic (including on apples).{{cite journal | last1 = McColloch | first1 = L.P. | year = 1944 | title = A Study of the Apple Rot Fungus Phialophora malorum | journal = Mycologia | volume = 36 | issue = 6 | pages = 576–590 | doi = 10.2307/3754837 | jstor = 3754837 }}{{cite book

| author1 = Barnett, H.L.

| author2 = Hunter, B.B.

| year = 1972

| title = Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi

| publisher = Burgess Publishing company, Minneapolis MN

| isbn = 978-0-8087-0266-5

}}

Genetic analysis of Phialophora shows that it is a paraphyletic grouping.{{cite journal

|author1=Abliz, P. |author2=Fukushima, K. |author3=Takizawa, K. |author4=Nishimura, K.

| year = 2004

| title = Identification of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis.

| journal = FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

| volume = 40

| issue = 1

| pages = 41–49

| doi = 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00275-X

| pmid = 14734185

| doi-access = free

}}

The conidia are produced from a flask shaped phialide. Mature, spherical, to oval conidia are extruded from phialides and usually accumulate around it.

Some members of Phialophora are involved in symbiotic relationships with leafcutter ants where they grow on the cuticle of the ants and fulfill a saprophytic role that aids in the fungal gardening on which the ants rely.{{Cite web |title=Fungal Farming in Leafcutter Ants |url=https://www.reed.edu/biology/professors/srenn/pages/teaching/web_2010/ec_ant_site_FINAL/mechanism.html |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=www.reed.edu}}{{Cite journal |last1=Little |first1=Ainslie E.F |last2=Currie |first2=Cameron R |date=2007-10-22 |title=Symbiotic complexity: discovery of a fifth symbiont in the attine ant–microbe symbiosis |journal=Biology Letters |language=en |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=501–504 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2007.0253 |issn=1744-9561 |pmc=2396185 |pmid=17686758}}