Philanthidae
{{Short description|Family of wasps}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cerceris species fg01.jpg
| image_caption = Cerceris
| taxon = Philanthidae
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera
| subdivision =
}}
Philanthidae is one of the largest families of wasp in the superfamily Apoidea, with 1167 species in 8 genera. Most of the species (more than 870) are in the genus Cerceris.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Behavior
The family consists of solitary, predatory wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground for nesting.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
As with all other apoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lays their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larva feeds upon after it hatches from the egg, as seen in the species Philanthus gibbosus.
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{cite journal |last=Alexander |first=B.A. |date=1992 |title=A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Philanthinae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) |journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=91–108 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00324.x}}
{{cite book|last1=Bohart|first1=Richard Mitchell|last2=Menke|first2=Arnold S.|title=Sphecid Wasps of the World: A Generic Revision|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FExMjuRhjpIC|year=1976|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02318-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FExMjuRhjpIC/page/n553 555]}}
{{cite web |url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/entomology/entomology_resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Genera|title=Catalog of Genera and Species |last=Pulawski |first= Wojciech J. |date=2024 |website=California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity |access-date=2024-08-27}}
{{cite journal |last=Cresson |first=Ezra Townsend |date=1865 |title=Monograph of the Philanthidae of North America |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8hUpAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA82&hl=en |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia |volume=5 |pages=84-132 |access-date=2024-08-27}}
{{Cite journal|last = Colman|first = D.R.|last2 = Toolson|first2 = E.C.|last3 = Takacs-Vesbach|first3 = C.D.|date = 2012|title = Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?|journal = Molecular Ecology|issn = 1365-294X|pages = 5124–5137|volume = 21|issue = 20|doi = 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05752.x|pmid = 22978555}}
{{cite journal |first1=Manuela |last1=Sann |first2=Oliver |last2=Niehuis |first3=Ralph S. |last3=Peters |first4=Christoph |last4=Mayer |first5=Alexey |last5=Kozlov |first6=Lars |last6=Podsiadlowski |first7=Sarah |last7=Bank |first8=Karen |last8=Meusemann |first9=Bernhard |last9=Misof |first10=Christoph |last10=Bleidorn |first11=Michael |last11=Ohl |date=2018 |title=Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume= 18 |issue=71 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 |doi-access=free|pmc=5960199 }}
}}
External links
- [http://www.bwars.com/index.php?q=taxonomy/term/423/all BWARS: Philanthinae] (photographs of each species)
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