Philip Cosgrave

{{Short description|Irish politician (1884–1923)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

{{Use Hiberno-English|date=November 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Philip Cosgrave

| image =

| caption =

| office = Teachta Dála

| term_start3 = August 1923

| term_end3 = 22 October 1923

| constituency3 = Dublin South

| term_start4 = May 1921

| term_end4 = August 1923

| constituency4 = Dublin North-West

| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|11|2|df=y}}

| birth_place = Dublin, Ireland

| death_date = {{death date and age|1923|10|22|1884|11|2|df=y}}

| death_place = Dublin, Ireland

| party = {{Ubl|Sinn Féin|Cumann na nGaedheal}}

| relatives = {{Ubl|W. T. Cosgrave (brother)|Liam Cosgrave (nephew)}}

| alma_mater = Catholic University of Ireland (did not graduate)

| education = CBS Francis St.

}}

Philip Bernard Joseph Cosgrave (2 November 1884 – 22 October 1923) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) in Dáil Éireann from 1921 to 1923.{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Philip-B-J-Cosgrave.D.1921-08-16/|title=Philip Cosgrave|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=10 March 2012}}

He was born at 174 James Street, Dublin, to Thomas Cosgrave, grocer, and Bridget Nixon.{{Cite web|url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/7d27714675164|title=General Registrar's Office|website=IrishGenealogy.ie|publisher=|access-date=27 September 2017}} He trained for a medical career at the Catholic University of Ireland though did not complete his studies, instead working as a pharmacist.

In 1914 he joined the Irish Volunteers and took part in the 1916 Easter Rising, at the Marrowbone Lane Distillery; he was captured, court-martialed, and sentenced to death, but this was later commuted to five years’ penal servitude.{{cite web|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/cosgrave-philip-bernard-joseph-a2076|title=Cosgrave, Philip Bernard Joseph|work=Dictionary of Irish Biography|last=Dempsey|first=Pauric J.|access-date=29 January 2022}}

He was first elected in the 1921 general election for Dublin North-West, and after that constituency's abolition for the 1923 general election he was re-elected for the new Dublin South constituency.{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=1262|title=Philip Cosgrave|work=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=10 March 2012}}

Cosgrave's death, from nephritis,{{Cite web|url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/f4e4f19548701|title=General Registrar's Office|website=IrishGenealogy.ie|publisher=|access-date=27 September 2017}} only eight weeks after winning his seat in the 4th Dáil triggered a by-election for his seat. It was held on 12 March 1924 and won by the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate, James O'Mara. Cosgrave was an officer in the Irish army on his death.

His brother, W. T. Cosgrave, was President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, his nephew, Liam Cosgrave was Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977 and his great-nephew, Liam T. Cosgrave was a TD for Dún Laoghaire from 1981 to 1987.