Philip Franklin
{{Short description|American mathematician (1898–1965)}}
{{about||the American shipping executive|Philip Albright Small Franklin}}
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|name = Philip Franklin
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|birth_date = October 5, 1898
|birth_place = New York City, New York, US
|death_date = {{d-da|January 27, 1965|October 5, 1898}}
|death_place = Belmont, Massachusetts, US
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|doctoral_advisor = Oswald Veblen
|doctoral_students = Alan Perlis
|known_for = Franklin graph
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Philip Franklin (October 5, 1898 – January 27, 1965) was an American mathematician and professor whose work was primarily focused in analysis.
Dr. Franklin received a B.S. in 1918 from City College of New York (who later awarded him its Townsend Harris Medal for the alumnus who achieved notable postgraduate distinction). He received his M.A. in 1920 and Ph.D. in 1921 both from Princeton University. His dissertation, The Four Color Problem, was supervised by Oswald Veblen. After teaching for one year at Princeton and two years at Harvard University (as the Benjamin Peirce Instructor), Franklin joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mathematics, where he stayed until his 1964 retirement.
In 1922, Franklin gave the first proof that all planar graphs with at most 25 vertices can be four-colored.Franklin, P. "The Four Color Problem." Amer. J. Math. 44 (1922), 225-236. {{doi|10.2307/2370527}}
In 1928, Franklin gave the first description of an orthonormal basis for L²([0,1]) consisting of continuous functions (now known as "Franklin's system").Franklin, P. "A set of continuous orthogonal functions", Math. Ann. 100 (1928), 522-529. {{doi|10.1007/BF01448860}}
In 1934, Franklin disproved the Heawood conjecture for the Klein bottle by showing that any map drawn on the Klein bottle can be coloured with at most six colours. An example which shows that six colours may be needed is the 12-vertex cubic graph now known as the Franklin graph.{{MathWorld|urlname=FranklinGraph|title=Franklin Graph}}{{MathWorld|urlname=HeawoodConjecture|title=Heawood conjecture}}Franklin, P. "A Six Color Problem." J. Math. Phys. 13 (1934), 363-379. {{doi|10.1002/sapm1934131363}}
Franklin also worked with Jay W. Forrester on Project Whirlwind at the Office of Naval Research (ONR).
Franklin was editor of the MIT Journal of Mathematics and Physics from 1929.
In 1940, his comprehensive textbook [https://archive.org/details/a_treatise-on-advanced-calculus_-_philip_franklin A Treatise on Advanced Calculus] was first published.
Franklin was married to Norbert Wiener's sister Constance. Their son-in-law is Václav E. Beneš.{{Cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Franklin.html|title = Philip Franklin - Biography}}
Books
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Differential equations for electrical engineers|year=1933|location=New York|publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}{{cite journal|title=Review of Differential equations for electrical engineers by Philip Franklin|journal=Nature|year=1933|volume=132|issue=3347|page=950|doi=10.1038/132950b0|bibcode=1933Natur.132R.950.|s2cid=4083785}}
- {{cite book|title=Differential equations for engineers|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1960|asin=B000859ANA}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=A treatise on advanced calculus|year=1940|publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}{{cite journal|author=Courant, Richard|author-link=Richard Courant|title=Review of A Treatise on Advanced Calculus by Philip Franklin|journal=Science|year=1941|volume=94|issue=2448|pages=518–519|doi=10.1126/science.94.2448.518.a|pmid=17809184}}; {{cite book|title=5th printing edition|year=1955|asin=B00JCV5MYW}} {{cite book|title=Dover reprint|year=2016|isbn=978-0486807072 |last1=Franklin |first1=Philip |publisher=Courier Dover Publications }}{{cite web|author=Stenger, Allen|date=January 23, 2017|title=Review of A Treatise on Advanced Calculus by Philip Franklin|website=MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America|url=https://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/a-treatise-on-advanced-calculus}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=The four color problem|year=1941|oclc=03049925}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Methods of advanced calculus|year=1944}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Fourier methods|year=1949|publisher=McGraw-Hill|asin=B001U3912Y}}
- {{cite book|title=An Introduction to Fourier Methods and the Laplace Transform|publisher=Dover Publications|asin=B004QPEH18}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Differential and integral calculus|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1953|asin=B0000CIJ2B}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Functions of complex variables|location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1958}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1959-10330-X|title=Book Review: Functions of complex variables|year=1959|last1=Fuchs|first1=W. H. J.|author-link=Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|volume=65|issue=5|pages=307–309|doi-access=free}} {{cite book|title=2021 edition|date=9 September 2021|publisher=Hassell Street Press|isbn=978-1014075574}}
- {{cite book|author=Franklin, Philip|title=Compact calculus|year=1963|publisher=McGraw-Hill|asin=B0000CLVV1}} {{cite book|title=2021 edition|date=9 September 2021|publisher=Hassell Street Press|isbn=978-1014263575}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{MacTutor Biography|id=Franklin}}
- {{MathGenealogy|id=1488}}
{{Authority control}}
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Category:City College of New York alumni
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:Princeton University faculty
Category:Harvard University Department of Mathematics faculty
Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Category:American mathematical analysts
Category:20th-century American mathematicians