Philip Holzman

Philip Seidman Holzman was born on May 2, 1922, in Manhattan. He graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1943. After his military service, he embarked on graduate studies in psychology. In 1952, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas.

Dr. Holzman was an instructor at the Menninger Foundation School of Clinical Psychology before joining the Topeka Psychoanalytic Institute, where he was a supervisory psychoanalyst from 1963 to 1968. He was then appointed a professor in the University of Chicago's department of psychiatry, a position he held until moving to Harvard in 1977.

At Harvard, Dr. Holzman was the Esther and Sidney R. Rabb Professor of Psychology between 1977 and 2002. In 2002, he accepted Emeritus status from the University.{{citation|last1=Benes|first1=Francine |author-link1=Francine M. Benes |title=Philip S. Holzman: Faculty of Medicine - Memorial Minute|date=25 September 2005|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/09/philip-s-holzman/|publisher=Harvard Gazette|access-date=2 December 2019|last2=Levy|first2=Deborah}} He was also the director of the Psychology Research Laboratory at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts from 1977 until 2004 [1]. At McLean, he was a member of the Mailman Research Center, founded by Seymour Kety.

"During 22 years at the Menninger Foundation, he co-authored a book on psychoanalytic technique, validated a Rorschach determinant as a predictor of risk for suicide, and wrote extensively on clinical issues—process in psychotherapy supervision, therapeutic elements of the hospital milieu, and the psychodynamic meaning of procrastination, to mention just a few. He was one of a handful of clinical psychologists to receive full psychoanalytic training within the psychoanalytic establishment. He became a training and supervising analyst in Topeka and continued to practice and teach in Chicago and Boston. His earliest mentors were Gardner Murphy, Karl Menninger, David Rapaport, Merton Gill, and Roy Schafer. During the same period, he embarked on an ambitious program of research with George Klein and Herbert Schlesinger on the effects of motivation, drive regulation, memory, defenses, and reality constraints on different styles of regulating cognition. From this body of work, terms such as cognitive controls, cognitive styles, and perceptual or cognitive attitudes became part of the lexicon of general psychology." [1] In the 1960s, he also conducted several studies on the causes of voice confrontation.{{cite news|last=Jaekl|first=Philip|date=12 July 2018|title=The real reason the sound of your own voice makes you cringe|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/12/the-real-reason-the-sound-of-your-own-voice-makes-you-cringe|access-date=27 April 2020}}

Thus, he had established two entirely distinct, and very distinguished careers even before he began his research in schizophrenia. He was originally trained as a clinical psychologist immersed in psychoanalysis, but he also established a successful and influential research program that examined individual differences in perceptual organization using empirical methods. These two distinct lines of work representing the subjective experiences of the individual and the empirical, objective framework of experimental psychopathology co-existed throughout his career. Throughout his tenure at Harvard, he continued to train and supervise at the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute.

He was an exceptional advisor and mentor, having trained generations of research scientists, academics and clinicians throughout his career, including [https://www.mcleanhospital.org/news/memoriam-deborah-l-levy-phd Dr. Deborah Levy] (1950-2020), the former director of the Psychology Laboratory at McLean Hospital, Prof. [https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/44044 Martha Shenton] at Harvard Medical School, [https://psychopathology.org/smadar_levin/ Dr. Smadar Levin] (1946-1989), Dr. Margie Solovay, Dr. Deborah Yurgulun-Todd at University of Utah, Prof. Sohee Park at Vanderbilt University, Prof. Anne Sereno at Purdue University, Prof. [https://psych.wisc.edu/staff/gooding-diane/ Diane Gooding] at the University of Wisconsin, Prof. [https://www.mcgill.ca/psychology/gillian-odriscoll Gillian O'Driscoll] at McGill University, Prof. [http://www.thecns.snu.ac.kr/ Jeanyung Chey] at Seoul National University, Prof. Dara Manoach at Mass. General, Dr. Donna Jenkins and Dr. Yue Chen (1959-2017) among many others.

Dr. Holzman was a former president of the Society for Research in Psychopathology, a society he co-founded. He was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1979 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1982. Among many honors, Dr. Holzman received the American Psychological Foundation's Alexander Gralnick research award in 2001. In 1997, the International Congress on Schizophrenia Research recognized him with its Warren award for lifetime achievement in research.{{citation|last=Pearce|first=Jeremy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/08/us/philip-holzman-82-dies-authority-on-schizophrenia.html|title=Philip Holzman, 82, Dies; Authority on Schizophrenia|work= New York Times|date=8 August 2004|access-date=2 December 2019}}

He was married to Ann for 58 years, and had three children.{{Cite web|url=https://fa.hms.harvard.edu/files/memorialminute_holzman_philip_s.pdf|title=Philip S. Holzman|date=June 2004|website=The Faculty of Medicine: Harvard University|access-date=16 January 2020}} Philip Holzman died of a stroke in Boston on 1 June 2004.

• Holzman, Philip, [https://www.britannica.com/topic/personality "Personality,"] Encyclopaedia Britannica.
• {{citation|last1=Menninger|first1=Karl Augustus|last2=Holzman|first2=Philip S.|title=Theory of psychoanalytic technique|url=https://archive.org/details/theoryofpsychoan00menn_0|year=1973|publisher=Basic Books|oclc=1061614095}}
• {{citation|last=Holzman|first=Philip S.|title=Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-82ivgEACAAJ|series=The Master Work Series|year=1995|publisher=Jason Aronson|location=Northvale, NJ|oclc=611035388}}
• {{citation|last1=Johnston|first1=Mary Hollis|last2=Holzman|first2=Philip S.|title=Assessing Schizophrenic Thinking: A Clinical and Research Instrument for Measuring Thought Disorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bjd8PQAACAAJ|series=Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series|date=1 October 1979|publisher=Jossey Bass|location=San Francisco, CA|isbn=978-0-8357-4928-2|oclc=917223979}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|last2=Matthysse|first2=Steven|title=The Genetics of Schizophrenia: A Review|journal=Psychological Science|volume=1|issue=5|year=2017|pages=279–286|issn=0956-7976|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00215.x|s2cid=144375262}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|title=Behavioral markers of schizophrenia useful for genetic studies|journal=Journal of Psychiatric Research|volume=26|issue=4|year=1992|pages=427–445|issn=0022-3956|doi=10.1016/0022-3956(92)90044-O|pmid=1491361}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|title=Abnormal-Pursuit Eye Movements in Schizophrenia|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=34|issue=7|year=1977|pages=802–5|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770190064005|pmid=560179}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=P|title=Eye movements and the search for the essence of schizophrenia|journal=Brain Research Reviews|volume=31|issue=2–3|year=2000|pages=350–356|issn=0165-0173|doi=10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00051-X|pmid=10719162|s2cid=23871657}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Appelbaum|first1=Stephen A.|last2=Holzman|first2=Philip S.|title=The Color-Shading Response and Suicide|journal=Journal of Projective Techniques|volume=26|issue=2|year=1962|pages=155–161|issn=0885-3126|doi=10.1080/08853126.1962.10381091|pmid=13861913}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|last2=Rousey|first2=Clyde|title=The voice as a percept.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=4|issue=1|year=1966|pages=79–86|issn=1939-1315|doi=10.1037/h0023518|pmid=5965194}}
• Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R., & Hughes, D. W. (1973). Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. Science, 181(4095), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4095.179
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=P. S.|last2=Schlesinger|first2=H. J.|year=1972|title=On becoming a hospitalized psychiatric patient|journal= Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic|volume=36|issue=4|pages=383–406|pmid=5045128}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|title=Eye-Tracking Dysfunctions in Schizophrenic Patients and Their Relatives|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=31|issue=2|year=1974|pages=143–151|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760140005001|pmid=4851993}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=P. S.|last2=Shenton|first2=M. E.|last3=Solovay|first3=M. R.|year=1986|title=Quality of thought disorder in differential diagnosis|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=12|issue=3|pages=360–371|doi=10.1093/schbul/12.3.360|pmid=3764357|doi-access=free|citeseerx=10.1.1.537.3206}}.
• {{cite journal|last1=Holzman|first1=Philip S.|last2=Kringlen|first2=Einar|last3=Matthysse|first3=S.|last4=Flanagan|first4=S.|title=A Single Dominant Gene Can Account for Eye Tracking Dysfunctions and Schizophrenia in Offspring of Discordant Twins|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=45|issue=7|year=1988|pages=641–7|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800310049006|pmid=3164183}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Matthysse|first1=Steven|last2=Holzman|first2=Philip S.|last3=Gusella|first3=James F.|last4=Levy|first4=Deborah L.|last5=Harte|first5=Christopher B.|last6=Jørgensen|first6=Åge|last7=Møller|first7=Lise|last8=Parnas|first8=Josef|title=Linkage of eye movement dysfunction to chromosome 6p in schizophrenia: Additional evidence|journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics|volume=128B|issue=1|year=2004|pages=30–36|issn=1552-4841|doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.30030|pmid=15211627|s2cid=43220830}}
• Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R., Levy, D. L., Yasillo, N. J., Meltzer, H. Y., & Hurt, S. W. (1974). Eye-tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 143-151.
• Park S, Holzman P.S. (1992) Schizophrenics show spatial working memory deficits. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49: 975-982. PMID 1449384. {{doi|10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950220031007}}
• Park S, Holzman P.S., Lenzenweger MF. (1995) Individual differences in spatial working memory in relation to schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(2): 355-364. PMID 7790637 {{doi|10.1037//0021-843x.104.2.355}}
• Park S, Holzman P.S., Goldman-Rakic PS. (1995) Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry. 52: 821-828. PMID 7575101 {{doi|10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950220031007}}
• Holzman, P.S., Coleman, M., Lenzenweger, M.F., Levy, D.L., Matthysse, S.W., O'Driscoll, G.A., Park S. (1995) Working memory, anti-saccade and thought disorder in relation to schizotypy. In: A. Raine, T. Lencz, S.A. Mednick (Eds.) Schizotypal Personality. pp. 353– 381. Cambridge University Press. NY.

• McLean Hospital
• Harvard Medical School
• Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute
• Department of Psychology, Harvard University

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Category:20th-century American psychologists

Category:American psychoanalysts

Category:1922 births

Category:2004 deaths

Category:City College of New York alumni

Category:University of Kansas alumni

Category:Harvard University faculty

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine