Philip Kim (physicist)

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Philip Kim

| image = Philip Kim.JPG

| caption = Kim in 2012

| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1968}}{{Cite web|title=김필립 미 하버드대 물리학과 석좌교수|url=http://www.nobelscience.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=1240|website=Nobel Science|date=12 September 2019|access-date=25 December 2024}}

| birth_place = Seoul, South Korea

| citizenship = United States

| nationality = South Korean

| fields = Condensed matter physics

| workplaces = {{plainlist|

}}

| alma_mater = {{plainlist|

}}

| doctoral_advisor = Charles Lieber

| thesis_title = Fundamental properties and applications of low-dimensional materials

| thesis_year = 1999

| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/304503115

| academic_advisors =

| doctoral_students =

| notable_students =

| known_for = Quantum transport in carbon nanotubes and graphene

| author_abbrev_bot =

| author_abbrev_zoo =

| awards = {{plainlist|

Ho-Am Prize in Science {{small|(2008)}}
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize {{small|(2014)}}

}}

| footnotes =

| website = {{official website}}

}}

Philip Kim ({{Korean|hangul=김필립|hanja=金必立}};{{Cite web |date=2021-04-18 |title=한국 과학자, 분자크기 물체집는 '나노핀셋' 개발 |url=https://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1999/12/19/1999121970027.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=조선비즈 |language=ko}} born 1968) is a South Korean and American physicist. He is a condensed matter physicist known for study of quantum transport in carbon nanotubes and graphene, including observations of quantum Hall effects in graphene.{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K.| author-link1 = Andre Geim | last2 = Kim | first2 = P.| author-link2 =| doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0408-90 | title = Carbon Wonderland | journal = Scientific American | volume = 298 | issue = 4 | pages = 90–97 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18380146| bibcode = 2008SciAm.298d..90G}}

Academic career

Kim studied physics at Seoul National University and earned his bachelor's degree in 1990 and a master's degree in 1992, and a doctorate in applied physics at Harvard University in 1999 under the supervision of Charles Lieber. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley as a Miller Research Fellow until 2001, when he joined the faculty at Columbia University where much of his seminal work was carried out. He later moved to Harvard University in 2014 as a professor of Physics and Applied Physics.

Research

Kim and coworkers have made important contributions in the field of nanoscale low-dimensional materials. In 1999, he and Lieber published a highly cited paper on electrostatically controlled carbon nanotube NEMS devices.{{Cite journal|last = Kim| first=P.|author2=Lieber, C.M. |year = 1999|title = Nanotube nanotweezers|journal = Science|volume = 286|doi = 10.1126/science.286.5447.2148|pmid=10591644|issue=5447|pages = 2148–2150}} In February 2005, his group at Columbia reported electrical measurements of thin graphite films produced by an atomic force microscope technique.{{Cite journal|last = Zhang| first=Y.|author2=Small, J.P.|author3= Pontius, W.V.|author4= Kim, P. |year = 2005|title = Fabrication and electric-field-dependent transport measurements of mesoscopic graphite devices|journal = Applied Physics Letters|volume = 86|page = 073104|doi = 10.1063/1.1862334|arxiv = cond-mat/0410314 |bibcode = 2005ApPhL..86g3104Z|issue = 7 | s2cid=18737863}} In September 2005, they reported observation of the quantum Hall effect in single graphene layers{{Cite journal|last = Zhang| first=Y.|author2=Tan, Y.-W.|author3= Stormer, H.L.|author4= Kim, P. |year = 2005|title = Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene|journal = Nature|volume = 438|doi = 10.1038/nature04235|pmid=16281031|issue=7065|bibcode=2005Natur.438..201Z|arxiv = cond-mat/0509355|pages = 201–204 | s2cid=4424714}} simultaneously with the group of Andre Geim,

{{Cite journal|last = Novoselov| first=K.S.|author2=Geim, A.K.|author3=Morozov, S.V.|author4=Jiang, D.|author5=Katsnelson, M.I.|author6=Grigorieva, V.|author7=Dubonos, S.V.|author8= Firsov, A.A. |year = 2005|title = Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene|journal = Nature|volume = 438|doi = 10.1038/nature04233|pmid=16281030|issue=7065|bibcode=2005Natur.438..197N|arxiv = cond-mat/0509330|pages = 197–200 | s2cid=3470761}}

and in 2007, the two groups jointly published observations of the quantum Hall effect in graphene at room temperature.{{Cite journal|last = Novoselov| first=K.S.|author2=Jiang, Z.|author3=Zhang, Y.|author4=Morozov, S.V.|author5=Stormer, H.L.|author6=Zeitler, U.|author7=Maan, J.C.|author8=Boebinger, G.S.|author9=Kim, P.|author10= Geim, A.K. |year = 2007|title = Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene|journal = Science|volume =315|page =1379|doi = 10.1126/science.1137201|pmid=17303717|bibcode=2007Sci...315.1379N|issue = 5817|arxiv=cond-mat/0702408| s2cid=46256393}} Kim's group authored an influential paper in 2007 describing a transport gap introduced by lithographic patterning of graphene to form nanoribbons. This was an important proof of principle in the development of graphene electronics as it allowed on-off switching of the graphene devices by a factor of 1000 at low temperature.{{Cite journal|last = Han| first=M.Y.|author2=Özyilmaz, B.|author3= Zhang, Y.|author4= Kim, P. |year = 2007|title = Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons|journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 98|page = 206805|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206805|bibcode=2007PhRvL..98t6805H|arxiv = cond-mat/0702511|issue = 20|pmid=17677729| s2cid=6309177}} In February 2009, his group and coworkers have synthesized the large-scale graphene films by CVD method. He indicated that the quality of CVD-grown graphene is comparable to that of mechanically cleaved graphene, as observation of the half-integer quantum Hall effect in CVD-grown graphene.{{Cite journal|last = Kim|first = Kuen Soo|title = Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes|year=2009|doi = 10.1038/nature07719|journal = Nature|volume=457|pmid = 19145232|issue = 7230|bibcode=2009Natur.457..706K|pages = 706–710| s2cid=4349731 |display-authors=etal}} The group reported observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended graphene in November 2009.{{Cite journal|last = Bolotin| first=K.I.|author2=Ghahari, F.|author3= Shulman, M.D.|author4= Stormer, H.L.|author5= Kim, P. |year = 2009|title = Observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene|journal = Nature|volume = 462|doi = 10.1038/nature08582|pmid=19881489|issue=7270|bibcode = 2009Natur.462..196B|pages = 196–199 |arxiv = 0910.2763 | s2cid=4392125}}

Note that similar results obtained by a group led by Eva Andrei appear in the same issue.

Honors and awards

Kim received a National Science Foundation Early Career Development Award in 2004. In 2006, he was named as one of the "Scientific American 50", a list of individuals/organizations honored for their contributions to science and society during the preceding year.{{Cite news

| title = Scientific American 50: SA 50 Winners and Contributors

| newspaper = Scientific American

| date = 12 November 2006

| url = http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=scientific-american-50-sa-2006-12

}} Kim was awarded the 2008 Ho-Am Prize in Science "for his pioneering work on low-dimensional carbon nanostructures".{{Cite news

| title = In Lumine Tuo

| newspaper = Columbia College Today

| date = Nov–Dec 2008

| url = http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/nov_dec08/around_the_quads17

}} He received an IBM Faculty award in 2009.{{Cite news

| title = Kim Receives IBM Faculty Award

| newspaper = News and Events

| publisher = Columbia University

| date = 30 July 2009

| url = http://www.apam.columbia.edu/announcements/09_Kim.html

}} In 2011, Kim won the Dresden Barkhausen Award.{{Cite news

|author=Uwe Fiedler

| title = Dresden Barkhausen Award to Prof. Philip Kim

| newspaper = Press Release

| publisher = Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden

| date = 10 February 2012

| url = http://idw-online.de/en/news463107

}} In his Nobel Prize lecture, Andre Geim acknowledged the contribution of Philip Kim, saying, "I owe Philip a great deal for this, and many people heard me saying – before and after the Nobel Prize – that I would be honored to share it with him."