Philip Nye

Philip Nye was born into a middle-class family in Sussex, in about 1595. He entered the University of Oxford as a commoner of Brasenose College on July 21, 1615.James Reid, Memoirs of the lives and writings of those eminent divines who convened in ... , p. 89. Afterwards he went to Magdalen Hall, Oxford where he studied under a Puritan tutor.Thomas Park, Works of the British Poets, Vol. 5, p. 629. He graduated from Magdalen Hall with an Arts degree in 1619 and an M.A. in 1622. He then entered holy orders and became curate of St Michael's Church, Cornhill, near London.T. Osborne, et al. (1762) A New and General Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons in Every Nation, Particularly the British and Irish, from the Earliest Accounts of Time to the Present Period: Wherein Their Remarkable Actions Or Sufferings, Their Virtues, Parts, and Learning are Accurately Displayed: with a Catalogue of Their Literary Productions, Vol. 8. He fell foul of the episcopal court and fled to Holland, spending the years 1633–1640 in exile.Concise Dictionary of National Biography.Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 1935, pp. 41–59.

He later held the parish of Acton, and was sent by Parliament on a mission to the imprisoned King Charles I.

He was one of the Five Dissenting Brethren in the Westminster Assembly, and a leader of the group alongside Thomas Goodwin.[http://www.puritannica.com/front/demo/wk/HodgeAA/CommentaryWCF/0033-0042.html The Westminster Confession of Faith] With support from Lord KimboltonThe future Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester. he had influential connections with the Parliamentary Army,{{Cite web | url=http://www.reformed.org/books/hetherington/west_assembly/index.html?mainframe=/books/hetherington/west_assembly/chapter_2.html | title=An Excerpt from The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines | author=William Hetherington}} and also had the living of Kimbolton, then in Huntingdonshire. According to Ivan Roots, the eventual ecclesiastical settlement under the Protectorate followed closely proposals from 1652, outlined by Nye with John Owen and others.The Great Rebellion (1995 edition), p. 176.

Nye co-wrote and promoted the Solemn League and Covenant. Nye along with Stephen Marshall "were sent with the commissioners who went from the English Parliament into Scotland, in order to obtain and establish an agreement with the Scottish nation, and to desire their assistance."{{Cite web | website=apuritansmind.com | title=Philip Nye (1595-1672) | url=https://www.apuritansmind.com/puritan-favorites/philip-nye-1595-1672/}}

He was a member of the parliamentary subcommittee that created the 1644 Directory for Public Worship and largely wrote it himself.

In 1647, he was one of the preachers who went from the Parliament to Charles I on the Isle of Wight, in order to save his soul and build a political settlement.

Samuel Butler wrote a poem about him, "Upon Philip Nye's Thanksgiving Beard",{{Cite web | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=899641001&objectId=3315139&partId=1 | title=Butler's remains | website=www.britishmuseum.org}}Samuel Butler, The Genuine Poetical Remains, p. 175. and mentioned him in Hudibras.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45401 Acton] British History Online

When the monarchy was restored in 1660, Nye was initially excluded from the general pardon. That should have meant being hung, drawn and quartered. However, he was included afterwards in the Bill of Indemnity on the condition that he did not accept any ecclesiastical, civil, military or public office.T.C. Hansard, 1808, The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803: From which Last-mentioned Epoch it is Continued Downwards in the Work Entitled "Hansard's Parliamentary Debates." V. 1-36; 1066/1625-1801/03, Vol. 4, p. 91. Instead he worked for an independent church as a doctor of theology, until his death in 1672.Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1 1935 , pp. 41–59.

Nye and Goodwin co-authored An Apologeticall Narration, pleading for toleration of Calvinist congregations outside a proposed Presbyterian national church.Claire Cross, The Church of England 1646–1660 p. 101, in The Interregnum (1972), edited by G. E. Aylmer. Their text presented to Parliament on 3 January 1644 argued that Congregational churches were closer to the practice of early Christians and more suited to the changeability of the times. It meant they could avoid having their views debated at the Westminster Assembly, where they would have been outnumbered and perhaps outvoted.{{Citation |publisher=Collins |author=C.V. Wedgewood |title=The King's War 1641–1647 |page=285 |edition= |date=1958 |ol=25430542M}} In the Whitehall Debates of 1648, however, Nye backed Henry Ireton's view that toleration should be limited by the state and joined in opposing the Racovian Catechism.{{Cite web |url=http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/statesman2.htm |title=Nye2 |access-date=12 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909110120/http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/statesman2.htm |archive-date=9 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=23976 Nye3]

Nye was famous for supporting religious freedom and independence. He opposed "a presbytery with a civil state", but otherwise liked Presbyterianism for its staunch scriptural views.

Nye along with Thomas Goodwin pleaded forcefully for allowing Jews to return to England. Their plea had Cromwell's direct encouragement, although wild anti-Semitic rumours and general public antipathy made readmission politically impossible.Andrew Crome, The Restoration of the Jews: Early Modern Hermeneutics, Eschatology, and National Identity in the Works of Thomas Brightman, p. 198.Bryan W. Ball, A Great Expectation: Eschatological Thought in English Protestantism to 1660, p. 149.

He was strong an opponent of astrology, Christmas and superstition in general.Christopher Hill, The English Bible and the Seventeenth-Century Revolution (1993), p. 24; Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, p. 436.

• {{Citation |publisher=Printed by Robert Bryson |location=Edinburgh |author=Philip Nye |title=Two speeches delivered before the subscribing of the Covenant, the 25. of September, at St. Margarets in Westminster |date=1643 |ol=16714330M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=s.n. |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=An exhortation to the taking of the Solemne League and Covenant for reformation and defence of religion, the honour and happinesse of the King, and the peace and safety of the three kingdomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland |date=1643 |ol=15044211M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=For Ralph Smith ... |location=Printed at London |author=Philip Nye |title=An exhortation to the taking of the Solemne league and covenant for reformation and defence of religion, the hononr [sic] and happinesse of the king, and the peace and safety of the three kingdomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland |date=1644 |ol=15040272M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed by W. Wilson |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=The Excellency and Lawfulnesse of the Solemne League and Covenant |date=1646 |ol=19935206M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed by John Field |location=London |title=A declaration of the faith and order owned and practised in the Congregational Churches of England; agreed upon and consented unto by their elders and messengers in their meeting at the Savoy, October 12. 1658 |author=Philip Nye |edition= |date=1658 |ol=13914168M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed by R.I. for A. Byfield |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=Beames of former light, discovering how evil it is to impose doubtfull and disputable formes or practises, upon ministers |date=1660 |ol=18960457M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=printed by Peter Cole at the Printing-press in Cornhil neer the Royal Exchange |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=The lawfulnes of the oath of supremacy and power of the civil magistrate in ecclesiastical affairs: and subordination of churches thereunto |date=1662 |ol=15428961M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=[s.n.] |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=A case of great and present use |date=1677 |ol=3665216M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed for Jonathan Robinson ... |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=The lawfulnes of hearing the publick ministers of the Church of England proved |date=1683 |ol=3664844M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed for Jonathan Robinson ..., and Samuel Crowch ... |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=The lawfulnes of the oath of supremacy, and power of the King in ecclesiastical affairs |date=1683 |ol=15040344M}}
• {{Citation |publisher=Printed for H.N. and Nathanael Ranew ... |location=London |author=Philip Nye |title=The King's authority in dispensing with ecclesiastical laws asserted and vindicated |date=1687 |ol=1678319M}}

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Category:1672 deaths

Category:Westminster Divines

Category:English independent ministers of the Interregnum (England)

Category:English theologians

Category:Alumni of Magdalen Hall, Oxford

Category:People from Sussex

Category:Year of birth uncertain