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Phlox paniculata

{{short description|Species of flowering plant}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}

{{Speciesbox

|image=Phlox paniculata eva cullum.jpeg

|image_caption=Cultivar ‘Eva Cullum’

| status = G5

| status_system = TNC

|genus=Phlox

|species=paniculata

|authority=L. (1753)

}}

Phlox paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae). It is native to parts of the eastern and central United States. It is extensively cultivated in temperate regions as an ornamental plant[http://www.finegardening.com/garden-phlox-phlox-paniculata Fine Gardening Plant Guide, Garden phlox, Phlox paniculata] and has become established in the wild in scattered locales in other regions.{{BONAP |genus=Phlox |species=paniculata |date=2014}}{{cite web |url=http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=phlox+paniculata |website=Altervista Flora Italiana |title=Phlox pannocchiuto, Phlox paniculata L.}} Common names include fall phlox,{{PLANTS |symbol=PHPA9 |taxon=Phlox paniculata}} garden phlox,{{r|weakley2018}} perennial phlox,{{r|moweb|miflora}} summer phlox,{{r|moweb|nowick2014}} and panicled phlox.{{r|vascan}}

Description

Phlox paniculata is an erect herbaceous perennial growing to {{convert|120|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|100|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide, with opposite, simple leaves on slender green stems. The flowers are {{convert|1.5–2.5|cm|in|1||abbr=on}} in diameter, often strongly fragrant and borne in summer through fall (autumn).{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}} The flowers are grouped in panicles (with many branching stems), hence the specific epithet paniculata.{{cite book|last=Harrison|first=Lorraine|title=RHS Latin for gardeners|year=2012|publisher=Mitchell Beazley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781845337315|pages=224}} Typical flower colors in wild populations are pink or purple (rarely white).{{cite book |last=Yatskievych |first=George |date=2013 |title=Flora of Missouri, Volume 3 |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden Press |pages=6297}}

{{Gallery

|Phlox paniculata Kentucky.jpg|Pure white wild population

|Phlox paniculata fruit and seeds.jpg|Fruit and seeds

}}

Distribution and habitat

Fall phlox is native to parts of the central and eastern United States. It occurs as an introduced species in other parts of the United States,{{r|bonap}} Canada,{{r|vascan}}, Europe,{{r|powo}} and Asia.{{r|powo}} In the Chicago Region it is questionably native, or native populations may have all been destroyed: "populations in our area appear to be escapes from gardens to nearby woods and waste ground, which no doubt accounts for all collections since 1945".{{r|fotcr2017}}

In its natural range, it grows along streambanks and in moist wooded areas.{{r|weakley2018}}

Cultivation

Phlox paniculata is grown largely for its showy fragrant flowers in high summer. It requires a sheltered spot with full sun or partial shade, in fertile moist soil. Plants may be propagated by division or root cuttings in autumn, or by basal cuttings in spring.{{sfn|BBC|2019}}

Plants make excellent cut flowers. In hot, dry areas they are sensitive to powdery mildew, and affected stems should be removed immediately.{{cite web |url=https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/phlox/growing-garden-phlox.htm

|title=Garden Phlox Plants: Tips For Growing And Care |publisher=Gardening Know How |access-date=11 October 2019}}

=Cultivars=

File:Phlox paniculata Miss Pepper4.JPG

Many cultivars have been developed for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

  • 'Alba Grandiflora'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/43783/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Alba-Grandiflora/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Alba Grandiflora' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (white)

  • 'Becky Towe'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/153581/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Becky-Towe-sup-(PBR)-sup-(v)/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Becky Towe' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pink, variegated leaves)

  • 'Danielle'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/180977/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Danielle/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Danielle' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (white)

  • 'David'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/127975/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-David/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'David' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (white)

  • 'Eva Cullum'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/72974/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Eva-Cullum/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Eva Cullum' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (deep pink)

  • 'Eva Foerster'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/201130/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Eva-Foerster/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Eva Foerster' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pink/white)

  • 'Flamingo'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/68294/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Flamingo/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Flamingo' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (bright pink)

  • 'Franz Schubert'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/61049/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Franz-Schubert/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Franz Schubert' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale pink/purple)

  • 'Grenadine Dream'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/127975/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-David/Details

| title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Grenadine Dream' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (red/purple)

  • 'Grey Lady'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/265983/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Grey-Lady/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Grey Lady' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (lavender-grey)

  • 'Luc's Lilac'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/118317/i-Phlox-i-×-i-arendsii-i-Luc-s-Lilac/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox × arendsii 'Luc's Lilac' |access-date=25 April 2018}}

  • 'Le Mahdi'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/91520/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Le-Mahdi/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Le Mahdi' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (violet blue)

  • 'Miss Elie'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/124194/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Miss-Elie/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Miss Elie' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pink)

  • 'Miss Mary'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/184224/i-Phlox-i-×-i-arendsii-i-Miss-Mary-(Spring-Pearl-Series)/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Miss Mary' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (deep pink)

  • 'Miss Pepper'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/103092/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Miss-Pepper/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Miss Pepper' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale pink/deep pink)

  • 'Monica Lynden-Bell'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/102108/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Monica-Lynden-bell/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Monica Lynden-Bell' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale pink)

  • 'Mother of Pearl'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/47711/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Mother-of-Pearl/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Mother of Pearl' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pearl white)

  • 'Norah Leigh'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/81181/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Norah-Leigh-(v)/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Norah Leigh' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale/dark pink, variegated)

  • Peacock Cherry Red'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/72974/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Eva-Cullum/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata Peacock Cherry Red |access-date=25 April 2018}}

  • Peacock Lilac{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/306909/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Font-Face-times-New-Roman-Peacock-Lilac-FONT-(Peacock-Series)/Details |title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata Peacock Lilac |access-date=25 April 2018}}
  • Peacock Neon Purple{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/306911/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Font-Face-times-New-Roman-Peacock-Neon-Purple-FONT-(Peacock-Series)/Details |title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata Peacock Neon Purple

|access-date=25 April 2018}}

  • Peacock White{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/306783/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Font-Face-times-New-Roman-Peacock-White-FONT-(Peacock-Series)/Details |title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata Peacock White

|access-date=25 April 2018}}

  • 'Prince of Orange'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/92188/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Prince-of-Orange/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Prince of Orange' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (orange-red)

  • 'Prospero'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/62805/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Prospero/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Prospero' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (lilac/white)

  • Purple Eye Flame{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/271355/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Font-Face-times-New-Roman-Purple-Eye-Flame-FONT-Barthirtythree-sup-(PBR)-sup/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata Purple Eye Flame |access-date=25 April 2018}} (purple/white)

  • 'Rosa Pastell'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/126149/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Rosa-Pastell/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Rosa Pastell' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale pink)

  • 'Starfire'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/54046/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Starfire/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Starfire' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (crimson)

  • 'Uspekh'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/184228/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Uspekh/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Uspekh' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (violet/white)

  • 'Utopia'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/302917/i-Phlox-i-×-i-arendsii-i-Utopia/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox × arendsii 'Utopia' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale pink)

  • 'Velvet Flame'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/265992/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Velvet-Flame/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Velvet Flame' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (purple/white)

  • 'Visions'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/137945/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-Visions/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'Visions' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (pale/medium pink)

  • 'White Admiral'{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/68986/i-Phlox-paniculata-i-White-Admiral/Details

|title=RHS Plantfinder - Phlox paniculata 'White Admiral' |access-date=25 April 2018}} (white)

{{div col end}}

Uses

The plant has been used medicinally, with the leaf extract serving as a laxative and to treat boils.{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |author-link1=William Niering|last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |year=1985 |orig-year=1979|publisher=Knopf |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |page=697}}

References

{{Reflist|20em|refs=

{{cite book |last1=Wilhelm |first1=Gerould |author-link1=Gerould Wilhelm |last2=Rericha |first2=Laura |author-link2=Laura Rericha |date=2017 |title=Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis |publisher=Indiana Academy of Sciences}}

{{Michigan Flora |genus=Phlox |species=paniculata |id=2259 |accessdate=30 August 2020}}

{{cite web |title=Phlox paniculata in Flora of Missouri @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=200018924 |website=www.efloras.org |access-date=30 August 2020}}

{{cite book |last1=Nowick |first1=Elaine |title=Historical common names of Great Plains plants, with scientific names index |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=zeabook |date=2014 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781609620585}}

{{cite web |title=Phlox paniculata L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:193615-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=30 August 2020}}

{{citation |last=Weakley |first=Alan S. |author-link=Alan S. Weakley |title=Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States, working draft of 20 August 2018 |date=2018 |publisher=University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}

{{cite web |vauthors=Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, Bélisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D, etal |date=2010 |title=Phlox paniculata Linnaeus |url=https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/8065 |website=Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) |access-date=30 August 2020}}

}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite web |title=How to propagate phlox |url=https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-propagate-phlox/ |website=Gardeners' World |publisher=BBC |access-date=4 February 2021 |date=24 September 2019|ref={{harvid|BBC|2019}}}}

{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q164553}}

paniculata

Category:Garden plants

Category:Flora of the United States

Category:Plants described in 1753

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus