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Phoebe (plant)

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{automatic taxobox

|image = Phoebe formosana.JPG

|image_caption = Phoebe formosana

|taxon = Phoebe (plant)

|authority = Nees

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

}}

Phoebe is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae. There are 75 accepted species in the genus, distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and New Guinea.[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30021606-2 Phoebe Nees]. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 29 August 2022. 35 species occur in China, of which 27 are endemic.{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=125072 |title=Phoebe |author=Fa-Nan Wei & Henk van der Werff |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=29 August 2022}} The first description of the genus was of the type species P. lanceolata made in 1836 by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in Systema Laurinarum, p. 98.

Description

Phoebe species are evergreen shrubs or trees with pinnately veined leaves. The flowers are hermaphrodite, white, small and fragrant, and are grouped in branched terminal inflorescences in the form of panicles. The bracts are all of equal length or the outer ones are slightly shorter than the inner ones. The ovary is oval to spherical. The stigma is capitate or bowl-shaped. The fruits are enveloped by the enlarged bracts. Fruits are usually oval to spherical. The fruit is a berry and has only a single seed that is frequently dispersed by birds.

Distribution

Up to 100 species of Phoebe are currently reported in Asia, with 27 species endemic to China.

Ecology

The fruits of the genus are fleshy berries.

Species

75 species are currently accepted:

=Formerly placed here=

= Phylogeny =

After{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Lang |last2=Li |first2=Jie |last3=Rohwer |first3=Jens G. |last4=van der Werff |first4=Henk |last5=Wang |first5=Zhi-Hua |last6=Li |first6=Hsi-Wen |date=September 2011 |title=Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Persea group (Lauraceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of tropical and subtropical Amphi-Pacific disjunctions |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.3732/ajb.1100006 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=98 |issue=9 |pages=1520–1536 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1100006|pmid=21860056 |url-access=subscription }}

{{clade|{{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|label1=clade I

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mac. robusta |barbegin1=red

|2=Mac. sp. W14071 |bar2=red

|3=Mac. sp. W14068 |bar3=red }}

|2=Pho. minutiflora |bar2=red }}

|2=Mac. japonica |bar2=red

|3=Mac. decursinervis |bar3=red }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mac. grijsii |bar1=red

|2=Mac. platycarpa |bar2=red }}

|2=Mac. yunnanensis |bar2=red }} }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mac. kwangtungensis |bar1=red

|2=Mac. oculodracontis |bar2=red

|3=Mac. duthiei |bar3=red

|4=Mac. gamblei |bar4=red }}

|2={{clade

|1=Mac. oreophila |bar1=red

|2=Mac. leptophylla |bar2=red }} }}

|2=Pho. faberi |bar2=red }}

|3={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mac. salicoides |bar1=red

|2=Mac. pomifera |bar2=red }}

|2={{clade

|1=Mac. salicina |bar1=red

|2=Mac. thunbergii |bar2=red }}

|3=Mac. breviflora |bar3=red }}

|4={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mac. pingii |bar1=red

|2=Mac. shweliensis |bar2=red }}

|2={{clade

|1=Mac gongshanensis |bar1=red

|2=Mac. phoenicis |bar2=red }}

|3=Mac. monticola |barend3=red }} }}

|2=Deh. caesia }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Deh. hainanensis |barbegin1=orange

|2=Als. sp. W17084 |bar2=orange }}

|2=Deh. sp. L20070187 |bar2=orange }}

|2=Als. semecarpifolia |bar2=orange }}

|2=Als. huanglianshanensis |bar2=orange }}

|2={{clade

|1=Als. gigaphylla |bar1=orange

|2=Not. umbelliflora |bar2=orange }} }}

|2={{clade

|1=Deh. sp. A34 |bar1=orange

|2=Deh. incrassata |barend2=orange }} }} }}

|label2=clade II

|2={{clade

|label1=Persea clade I

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Per. aurata |barbegin1=green

|2=Per. splendens |bar2=green }}

|2={{clade

|1=Per. major |bar1=green

|2=Per. weberbaueri |bar2=green }} }}

|2={{clade

|1=Per. sp. V25232 |bar1=green

|2=Per. sp. W19517 |bar2=green }} }}

|2=Per. alba |bar2=green }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Per. sp. W14875 |bar1=green

|2=Per. sp. B21834 |bar2=green

|3=Per. lingue |bar3=green }}

|2=Per. caerulea |bar2=green }} }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Per. borbonia |bar1=green

|2=Per. haenkeana |bar2=green }}

|2=Per. palustris |bar2=green }}

|2=Per. indica |bar2=green }} }}

|2=Per. areolatocostae |bar2=green }}

|label2=Persea clade II

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Per. americana |bar1=green

|2=Per. styermarkii |bar2=green }}

|2=Apo. barbujana |barend2=green }} }} }}

|label2=clade III

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|label1=Phoebe clade I

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Pho. formosana |barbegin1=blue

|2=Pho. chekiangensis |bar2=blue }}

|2=Pho. nanmu |bar2=blue }}

|2=Pho. neurantha |bar2=blue }}

|2=Pho. lanceolata |bar2=blue }}

|2={{clade

|1=Pho. sp. L20070260 |bar1=blue

|2=Pho. zhennan |bar2=blue }} }}

|2=Pho. macrocarpa |bar2=blue

|3=Pho. angustifolia |bar3=blue }}

|label2=Phoebe clade II

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Pho. cuneata |bar1=blue

|2=Pho. elliptica |bar2=blue }}

|2=Pho. sp. A49 |bar2=blue }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Pho. puwenensis |bar1=blue

|2=Pho. hungmaoensis |bar2=blue }}

|2=Pho. megacalyx |barend2=blue }} }} }}

|2=Per. nudigemma }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Als. rugosa |barbegin1=purple

|2=Als. hainanensis |bar2=purple }}

|2=Als. sp. W14264 |bar2=purple }}

|2={{clade

|1=Per. sphaerocarpa |bar1=purple

|2=Per. sp. W21874 |bar2=purple }} }}

|3={{clade

|1=Als. petiolaris |bar1=purple

|2=Als. andersonii |barend2=purple }} }} }}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Neo. sericea |barbegin1=black

|2=Neo. howii |bar2=black }}

|2=Neo. cambodiana |bar2=black }}

|2={{clade

|1=Act. cupularis |bar1=black

|2=Act. trichocarpa |bar2=black }} }}

|2=Lit. verticillata |bar2=black }}

|2={{clade

|1=Lin. megaphylla |bar1=black

|2=Lit. auriculata |bar2=black

|3=Lin. erythrocarpa |barend3=black }} }} }}|style=font-size:85%;line-height:70%|grouplabel1={{clade labels |width=10em;

|label1=Machias clade |top1=15% |color1=red

|label2=Alseodaphne-Dehaasia clade |top2=35% |color2=orange

|label3=Persea clade |top3=52% |color3=green

|label4=Phoebe clade |top4=70% |color4=blue

|label5=Alseodaphne-Persea group |top5=85% |color5=purple

|label6=Outgroups |top6=95% |color6=black

}}}}

Fossil record

Several fossil cupules, some with fruits inside of †Phoebe bohemica from the early Miocene, have been found at the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, the Czech Republic.A review of the early Miocene Mastixioid flora of the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, The Czech Republic, January 2012 by F. Holý, Z. Kvaček and Vasilis Teodoridis - ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Series B – Historia Naturalis • vol. 68 • 2012 • no. 3–4 • pp. 53–118

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-genus-result.cfm?habit=&source=plants&displaylanguage=eng&Genus=7006&Country= UNEP-WCMC Species Database - Phoebe]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoebe (Plant)}}

Category:Lauraceae genera

Category:Flora of the Indomalayan realm