Phoradendron leucarpum
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = American Mistletoe (NGM XXXI p514).jpg
| image_caption=Phoradendron leucarpumillustration by Mary E. Eaton, "Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths", The National Geographic Magazine, XXXI (June 1917), p. 514.
| genus = Phoradendron
| species = leucarpum
| range_map = PhoradendronleucocarpumOccurrenceMap2.png
| range_map_caption = Occurrence data from GBIF
| authority = (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst.
| synonyms = *Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. ex A. Gray
- Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M. C. Johnst.
- Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) A. Gray
- Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) Engelm.
- Viscum leucarpum Raf. (basionym)
- Viscum serotinum Raf.
- Viscum tomentosum DC.
- Viscum villosum Nutt.
}}
Phoradendron leucarpum is a species of mistletoe in the Viscaceae family which is native to the United States and Mexico. Its common names include American mistletoe, eastern mistletoe, hairy mistletoe and oak mistletoe. It is native to Mexico and the continental United States.{{GRIN | accessdate= January 14, 2008}} It is hemiparasitic, living in the branches of trees. The berries are white and {{convert|3-6|mm|in|sp=us}}.{{cite web|url=http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/phoradendron-leucarpum-p-serotinum/|title=Phoradendron leucarpum (P. serotinum)|publisher=North Carolina State University|access-date=November 30, 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=98416|title=Phoradendron Mistletoe|publisher=Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley|access-date=November 30, 2014}} It has opposite leaves that are leathery and thick.
{{cite web|url=http://www.carolinanature.com/trees/phle.html|title=Oak Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum))|publisher=Carolina Nature|access-date=November 30, 2014}} Ingesting the berries can cause "stomach and intestinal irritation with diarrhea, lowered blood pressure, and slow pulse".{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Phoradendron+leucarpum|title=Phoradendron leucarpum - (Raf.)Reveal.&M.C.Johnst.|publisher=Plants For A Future|access-date=November 30, 2014}} This shrub can grow to {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} by {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}.
Culture and tradition
Phoradendron leucarpum is used in North America as a surrogate for the similar European mistletoe Viscum album, in Christmas decoration and associated traditions (such as "kissing under the mistletoe"), as well as in rituals by modern druids. It is commercially harvested and sold for those purposes.{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/WRG_mistletoe.html|publisher=Purdue University|title=Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum)|access-date=November 30, 2014}}
Phoradendron leucarpum is the state floral emblem for the state of Oklahoma. The state did not have an official flower, leaving mistletoe as the assumed state flower until the Oklahoma Rose was designated as such in 2004.{{cite web |title=Oklahoma Symbols |url=https://www.okhistory.org/learn/symbols |website=Oklahoma Historical Society |access-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130191203/https://www.okhistory.org/learn/symbols |archive-date=30 January 2023 |language=English |url-status=live}}
Ecology
Wildlife
While the sticky substance covering the fruits is toxic to humans, it is a favorite of some birds.{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |author-link1=William Niering| last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |year=1985 |orig-year=1979|publisher=Knopf |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |page=622}}
See also
- Phoradendron villosum (Pacific mistletoe, western mistletoe)
References
{{Reflist|refs=
}}
{{US state flowers}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3119313}}
Category:Flora of the United States
Category:Plants described in 1817
{{Santalales-stub}}
{{Oklahoma-stub}}