Phrynops hilarii

{{Speciesbox

| image = Phrynops_hilarii_2.jpg

| status =

| status_system =

| status_ref =

| genus = Phrynops

| species = hilarii

| authority = (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1835)Duméril, André Marie Constant; Bibron, Gabriel (1835). Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Tome Second. Paris: Roret. 680 pp. (Platemys hilarii, new species, pp. 428-430). (in French).

| synonyms_ref = {{Cite journal|journal=Vertebrate Zoology|title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World|date=2007|author=Fritz, Uwe|author-link=species:Uwe Fritz|author2=Havaš, Peter|author2-link=species:Peter Havaš|volume=57|issue=2|pages=341|doi=10.3897/vz.57.e30895 |doi-access=free |issn=1864-5755}}van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Bour, Roger; Rhodin, Anders G.J. (2012). "Turtles of the World, 2012 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status". Chelonian Research Monographs (5): 000.243–000.328.

|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true

|Platemys hilarii
{{small|A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1835}}

|Hydraspis hilairii [sic]
{{small|Gray, 1844}} (ex errore)

|Hydraspis hilarii
{{small|— Gray, 1856}}

|Spatulemys lasalae
{{small|Gray, 1872}}

|Hydraspis hilari [sic]
{{small|Koslowsky, 1898}} (ex errore)

|Hydraspis geoffroyanus hilarii
{{small|— Siebenrock, 1905}}

|Phrynops hilarii
{{small|— Stejneger, 1909}}

|Phrynops geoffroana hilarii
{{small|— L. Müller, 1939}}

|Phrynops geoffroanus hilarii
{{small|— Wermuth & Mertens, 1961}}

|Hydraspis hilairi [sic]
{{small|Pritchard, 1967}} (ex errore)

|Phrynops hilari
{{small|— Goode, 1967}}

}}}}

Phrynops hilarii, also commonly known as Hilaire’s side-necked turtle and Hilaire's toadhead turtle, is a species of freshwater turtle in the family Chelidae. The species is endemic to South America.

Etymology

The specific name, hilarii, is in honor of French zoologist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (Phrynops hilarii, p. 123).

Geographic range

P. hilarii is found in southern Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), southward and westward into Uruguay and Argentina, and possibly also in Paraguay and Bolivia.{{EMBL species|genus=Phrynops|species=hilarii}} www.reptile-database.org.

Habitat

P. hilarii inhabits streams, lakes, and swamps with abundant aquatic vegetation and soft bottoms.File:Phrynops hilarii 418216542.jpg|left|212x212px]]

Description

File: Chelidae - Phrynops hilarii.JPG

P. hilarii has an oval, flattened carapace, with a maximum straight-line length of approximately {{cvt|40|cm|in}}, weighing approximately {{cvt|5|kg|lb}}. The carapace is usually dark brown, olive, or gray, with a yellow border. The head is large and flat, gray to olive above, with a pointed snout and two bicolored chin barbels. There is a black band on each side of the head, which comes out of the muzzle and passes over the eyes, going up to the neck. Cabrera, Mario R.; Colantonio, Sonia E. (2001). [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0073-47212001000200017&script=sci_arttext "Ontogenetic variation of plastral spotting pattern in Phrynops hilarii (Testudines, Chelidae)"] Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre (91): 115–122."Phrynops hilarii ". [https://turtles.linnaeus.naturalis.nl/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/taxon.php?id=7959&epi=11 Turtles of the World]

Biology

File:Hilaire’s toadhead turtle 2014 11 08.ogv

An omnivorous species, P. hilarii mainly feeds on arthropods, with a preference for copepods, ostracods, and hemipterans.Alcalde, Leandro; Derocco, Natacha Nara; Rosset, Sergio Daniel (2010). [https://www.chelonianjournals.org/doi/abs/10.2744/CCB-0794.1 "Feeding in Syntopy: Diet of Hydromedusa tectifera and Phrynops hilarii (Chelidae)"] Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9 (1): 3–344. It feeds also on fishes, reptiles, birds, small mammals, and carrion.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} It is oviparous. This turtle can live for up to 37 years."Phrynops hilarii ". [http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Phrynops_hilarii AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database]

Females lay eggs twice a year, one clutch between February and May and the other between September and December.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} They lay from 9 to 14 eggs, with a maximum of 32 eggs and an incubation period of approximately 150 days.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}