Phyllis Elliott Oakley (November 23, 1934 – January 22, 2022) was an American diplomat who served as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Population, Refugees, and Migration (1994–1997) and Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research (1997–1999).{{Cite web |date=8 March 2000 |title=The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR PHYLLIS E. OAKLEY |url=https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Oakley-Phyllis-E1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703173128/https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Oakley-Phyllis-E1.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2024 |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training}}{{Cite web|title=Phyllis E. Oakley|url=https://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/member/phyllis-e-oakley/|access-date=2022-01-30|website=The American Academy of Diplomacy|language=en-US}} She was married to former Ambassador Robert B. Oakley and was a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy and the Council on Foreign Relations. Oakley was a graduate of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University.

Ms. Oakley held a variety of positions within the U.S. foreign service. She was a Staff Assistant to Under Secretary Philip Habib, an Afghanistan Desk Officer and a Cultural Affairs Officer in Kinshasa (on loan to the United States Information Agency, USIA). She worked with the Agency for International Development (AID) Afghanistan's cross-border humanitarian assistance program in Pakistan and served in Congressional Affairs for the Near Eastern Bureau of the State Department.

She was an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins’ School of Advanced International Studies, Phyllis Oakley was teaching a course on functional issues in American foreign policy. She has also been a visiting professor at Mount Holyoke College and Northwestern University and served on the visiting board of the College of Arts and Sciences of Northwestern University and the advisory board for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University. She was chair of the board at Americans for UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) from 2003 to 2007 while also serving as chair of the Public Affairs Committee and Nominating Committee at Americans for UNFPA.

Oakley was born in Omaha, Nebraska. She died of a heart attack at a hospital in Washington, D.C., on January 22, 2022, at the age of 87.{{Cite news|last=Seelye|first=Katharine Q.|date=2022-01-29|title=Phyllis Oakley, Female Pioneer at the State Department, Dies at 87|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/29/us/politics/phyllis-oakley-dead.html|access-date=2022-01-30|issn=0362-4331}}