Physical disability

Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth. These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.{{cite web |title=Prenatal Injury |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/prenatal-injury |website=ScienceDirect |publisher=Elsevier B.V. |access-date=27 June 2022 |date=2022}}

Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans.{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=Joyce A. |title=Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of infant disability: Breaking the news to mothers |journal=The Journal of Perinatal Education |date=2008 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=27–32 |doi=10.1624/105812408X324543 |pmid=19436417 |publisher=Lamaze International |location=Springer | id = {{ProQuest|1844560198}} | issn = 1058-1243|eissn=1548-8519 |pmc=2517190 }} These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the early umbilical cord clamping, for example) or the baby being born prematurely. These may also be caused due to genetic disorders{{cite web|department = Bureau of Family Health and Nutrition |title=Birth Defects Research & Prevention |url=https://www.mass.gov/birth-defects-research-prevention |website=Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention |publisher=Department of Public Health |access-date=27 June 2022 |location=Boston |format=Government website |date=2022}} or accidents.

Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth. They can be due to accidents, injuries, obesity, infection or other illnesses. These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.

Mobility impairment includes upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or multiple organs of the body. Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem or a consequence of disease. People who have a broken skeletal structure also fall into this category.

Visual impairment is another type of physical impairment. There are hundreds of thousands of people with minor to various serious vision injuries or impairments. These types of injuries can also result in severe problems or diseases such as blindness and ocular trauma. Some other types of vision impairment include scratched cornea, scratches on the sclera, diabetes-related eye conditions, dry eyes and corneal graft, macular degeneration in old age and retinal detachment.

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. Deaf and hard of hearing people have a rich culture{{Cite web|url=https://www.umass.edu/magazine/fall-2018/what-my-deaf-way-science|title = What is my deaf way of science? |last= Cooke | first = Michele L. |date=2018-10-11| location = University of Massachusetts Amherst|website=UMass Magazine|language=en| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190503205549/https://www.umass.edu/magazine/fall-2018/what-my-deaf-way-science |archive-date = 2019-05-03 |access-date=2020-04-09}}{{cite journal |journal = The Atlantic |location = MasterFILE Complete |publisher = EBSCO |volume = 272 |issue = 3 |page = 37 |author=Dolnick, Edward |url=http://gallyprotest.org/atlantic_monthly.pdf |title=Deafness as Culture |date=September 1993 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004224125/http://gallyprotest.org/atlantic_monthly.pdf | issn = 0276-9077 | oclc =936540106 |archive-date=2018-10-04}} and benefit from learning sign language for communication purposes.{{cite book | first=Anna | last=Mindess | others = Sharon Neumann Solow, Thomas K. Holcomb |year=2006 | title=Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQk1lt0V9foC&q=Intercultural+Communication+for+Sign+Language+Interpreters | location = Boston | publisher = International Press | oclc =829736204 |isbn=978-1-931930-26-0}}{{cite journal |last1=Barnett |first1=Steven |last2=McKee |first2=Michael |last3=Smith |first3=Scott R. |last4=Pearson |first4=Thomas A. |title=Deaf Sign Language Users, Health Inequities, and Public Health: Opportunity for Social Justice |journal=Preventing Chronic Disease |date=15 February 2011 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=A45 |pmid=21324259 |pmc=3073438 |issn=1545-1151}} People who are only partially deaf can sometimes make use of hearing aids to improve their hearing ability.

Speech and language disability: persons with deviations of speech and language processes which are outside the range of acceptable deviation within a given environment and which prevent full social or educational development.

Physical impairment can also be attributed to disorders causing, among others, sleep deficiency, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, and seizures.

• Mental disability

{{Reflist}}

• Danielle Gourevitch & Mirko Grmek. (1998). Les maladies dans l'art antique, Paris.
• {{Cite Q|Q46018654}}
• Mirko Grmek. (1983). Les maladies à l'aube de la civilisation occidentale, Paris.
• {{Cite Q|Q46213461}}

{{Disability navbox}}

{{Authority control}}

Phys

Category:Disability