Piaroa language

{{Short description|Piaroan language spoken in South America}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Piaroa

|nativename=De'aruwa

|states=Colombia and Venezuela

|ethnicity=Piaroa people

|speakers=13,000–14,000

|date=2001

|ref={{cite web|title = Endangered Languages Project – Piaroa| url =http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2954| access-date = 6 March 2021}}

|familycolor=American

|fam1=Piaroa–Saliban

|fam2=Piaroan

|script=Latin

|iso3=pid

|glotto=piar1243

|glottorefname=Piaroa

|ELP=2954

|map = Piaroa.png

}}

Piaroa (also called Guagua ~ Kuakua ~ Quaqua, Adole ~ Ature, Wo’tiheh) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela, native to the Huottüja people. Loukotka (1968) reports that it is spoken along the Sipapo River, Orinoco River, and Ventuari River.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |author-link=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles}}

A Wirö language (commonly called Maco) is closely related, the two forming the Piaroan branch of the family.Zamponi, R. 2017 'Betoi-Jirara, Sáliban, and Hodɨ: relationships among three linguistic lineages of the mid-Orinoco region'. Anthropological Linguistics 59: 263-321.

Phonology

{{cleanup lang|date=September 2021}}

class="wikitable"

|+Consonants

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Bilabial

! rowspan="2" |Dental

! rowspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! colspan="2" |Velar

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

nor.

!lab.

align="center"

! rowspan="4" |Stop

!Plain

|p

|t

|

|

|k

|kʷ

align="center"

!Aspirated

|pʰ~ɸ

|tʰ

|

|

|kʰ

|kʰʷ

|hˣ

align="center"

!Ejective

|pʼ

|tʼ

|

|

|kʼ

|kʷʼ

|

align="center"

!Glottal

|ˀb

|ˀd

|

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="3" |Affricate

!Plain

|

|

|

|t͡ʃ~t͡s

|

|

|

align="center"

!Aspirated

|

|

|t͡sʰ

|

|

|

|

align="center"

!Ejective

|

|

|t͡sʼ

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|

|s

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Nasal

|m

|

|n

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Flap/Lateral

|

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Approximant

|w

|

|

|j~dʲ

|

|

|

class="wikitable"

|+Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

align="center"

!Close

|i

|u ɯ

align="center"

!Mid

|e

|

|ɤ~o

align="center"

!Open

|

|ɑ~ɒ

{{Cite book|url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/347/34701804.pdf|title=Elementos De Gramática Piaroa: Algunas Consideraciones Sobre Sus Clases Nominales|last=Mosonyi|first=Esteban E.|year=2002}}

References

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Piaroa word list}}

{{reflist}}

Category:Piaroa–Saliban languages

Category:Languages of Colombia

Category:Languages of Venezuela

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