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Picris

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Illustration Picris hieracioides0.jpg

|image_caption = Picris hieracioides1885 illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany

|display_parents = 3

|taxon = Picris

|authority = L. {{sfn|Linnaeus|1753|p=792}}{{ITIS |id=38246 |taxon=Picris}}

|type_species = Picris hieracioides

|type_species_authority = L.{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753|p=792}}Taxon 44: 611-612 (1995)[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40008539 Tropicos, Picris L.]

|synonyms_ref = [http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/Default.aspx?Page=NameSearch&searchText=Picris&searchField=NameFull Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]

|synonyms =

  • Spitzelia Sch.Bip.{{sfn|Schultz|1833|p=725}}
  • Medicusia Moench{{sfn|Moench|1794|p=536}}
  • Hagioseris Boiss.{{sfn|Boissier|1849|p=35}}
  • Deckera Sch.Bip.{{sfn|Schultz|1834|p=479}}

}}

Picris (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753|p=792}}

Picris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth Diasemia reticularis. Schinia cardui feeds exclusively on P. hieracioides.

The genus is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=125392 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 347 毛连菜属 mao lian cai shu Picris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 792. 1753. ][http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Picris Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Picris][http://bie.ala.org.au/search?q=Picris Atlas of Living Australia, search for Picris]

Etymology

Picris is from the Greek {{Lang|grc-latn|picros}} meaning 'bitter', in reference to the bitter taste of some species in the genus.{{sfn|Holzapfel|2015|p=143}}{{sfn|Britton|Brown|1913|p=311}}

Description

Erect annual to perennial taprooted herbs, mostly branching, stem and leaves bearing stiff bristly hairs, with rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers.{{sfn|Britton|Brown|1913|p=311}}{{sfn|Holzapfel|2015|p=143}}

Taxonomy

=Taxonomic history=

The genus Picris was first validly described by Linnaeus in 1753{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753|p=792}} with the genus being accepted by a number of secondary sources including Plants of the World Online.{{citation

|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:10533-1

|title=Kew Science Plants of the World Online

|accessdate=19 July 2020}} Linnaeus initially described four species with P. hieracioides, P. echioides, P. pyrenaica and P. asplenioides.{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753|p=792}} In 1913, Britton and Brown proposed P. asplenioides as the type species for the genus.{{sfn|Britton|Brown|1913|p=311}} Subsequently, in 1930, Hitchcock and Green alternatively proposed P. hieracioides as the type species.{{sfn|Hitchcock|Green|1929|p=177}} The Hitchcock and Green proposal was adopted by Lack in 1975 and accepted by Jarvis in 1992.{{sfn|Lack|1975}}{{sfn|Jarvis|1992}} Lack argued that Linnaeus never saw P. asplenioides which Linnaeus regarded as an obscure species and no specimen could be found in the Linnean Herbarium.{{sfn|Lack|1975}} For this reason Lack concluded that P. hieracioides should be designated as the type species.{{sfn|Lack|1975}}

In 1794, the German botanist Conrad Moench described the genus Medicusia and the species M. aspera.{{sfn|Moench|1794|p=536}} This genus has not been accepted and is considered a synonym of Picris. M. aspera has also been determined to be a synonym of P. rhagadioloides.{{cite web |title=Medicusia Moench |url=https://www.compositae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1078028 |website=Compositae. The Global Database}}

=Species=

'Source[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Picris The Plant List search for Picris]

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References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite book|last1=Boissier|first1=Edmond|authorlink=Edmond Boissier|title=Diagnoses plantarum Orientalium novarum|date=1849|series=1|volume=11}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Britton|first1=Nathaniel Lord|authorlink1=Nathaniel Lord Britton|last2=Brown|first2=Addison|authorlink2=Addison Brown|title=An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian|publisher=Scribner|volume=3|edition=2|location=New York|date=1913|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118189}}
  • {{cite journal|url=http://www.compositae.org|title= Compositae Database.|publisher=Compositae Working Group (CWG)|year=2020|access-date=July 22, 2020|doi=10.14284/411|author1= Compositae Working Group (CWG)}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Hitchcock|first1=A. S.|last2=Green|first2=M. L.|title=International Botanical Congress, Cambridge (England) 1930|publisher= Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office, by Wyman & sons, Ltd., Fetter Lane, London|location=London|date=1929|pages=111–199|chapter=IV.-Proposal by A.S. Hitchcock (Washington) and M.L. Green (Kew).|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/145068}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Jarvis|first1=C.E.|date=August 1992|editor1-last=Nicolson|editor1-first=Dan H.|title=Seventy-Two Proposals for the Conservation of Types of Selected Linnaean Generic Names, the Report of Subcommittee 3C on the Lectotypification of Linnaean Generic Names|journal=Taxon|volume=41|issue=3|pages=552–583|doi=10.2307/1222833|jstor=1222833|url=http://www.jstor.com/stable/1222833|access-date=July 19, 2020}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Lack|first1=H. Walter|date=February 1975|title=Type Specimens of the Linnaean Species of Picris L. (Compositae)|journal=Taxon|volume=24|issue=1|pages=113–116|doi=10.2307/1219007|jstor=1219007}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Linnaeus|first1=Carl|authorlink=Carl Linnaeus|title=Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas|publisher=Junk|volume=2|location=Berlin|date=1753|language=latin|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84236}}
  • {{cite book|last1= Moench|first1=Conrad|authorlink=Conrad Moench|title=Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis :a staminum situ describendi|publisher=in officina nova libraria academiae|volume=2|location=Marburgi Cattorum|date=1794|language=la|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7340}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Holzapfel|first1=S.|title=Flora of Australia|publisher=ABRS/CSIRO|volume=37|series=Mantisalca|location=Melbourne|date=2015|url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/ad128eeb-5a72-4129-9302-4d619cdca312/files/flora-australia-37-asteraceae-1.pdf}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Schultz|first1=Carl Heinrich `Bipontinus'|title=Flora oder Botanische Zeitung :welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält|publisher=Die Gesellschaft|volume=16|number=2|location=Regensburg|date=1833|language=la, de|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/961}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Schultz|first1=Carl Heinrich `Bipontinus'|title=Flora oder Botanische Zeitung :welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält|publisher=Die Gesellschaft|volume=17|number=2|location=Regensburg|date=1834|language=la, de|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/961}}

{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q217621}}

Category:Asteraceae genera

Category:Cichorieae

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus