Pierre Bec

Pierre Bec ({{IPA|fr|pjɛʁ bɛk|lang}}; {{langx|oc|Pèire Bec}}, {{IPA|oc|'pɛjɾe βɛk|ipa}}; 11 December 1921 – 30 June 2014){{cite web|title=Mor l'occitanista Pèire Bèc|url=http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/Llengcat/menuitem.21576464db9e81e7a129d410b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=035748a344371110VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=035748a344371110VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall&contentid=f6ec57aa141f6410VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD|publisher=www20.gencat.cat|access-date=28 May 2015}} was a French Occitan-language poet and linguist. Born in Paris, he spent his childhood in Comminges, where he learnt Occitan. He was deported to Germany between 1943 and 1945. After returning, he studied in Paris, where he graduated in 1959. He was one of the founders of the IEO or Institut d'Estudis Occitans (Institute of Occitan Studies) as well as its president from 1962 to 1980.

Life

Pierre Bec spent his childhood in Cazères-sur-Garonne where he learned Gascon. In 1938, he was an interpreter for the Spanish Republican refugees who had crossed the Pyrenees, and he discovered Catalan. He was deported in March 1943 to Germany as part of the compulsory labor service.

Bec was titular professor at Poitiers university and assistant director of the Centre d'Études Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale (Centre for high studies in medieval civilisation).{{cite news | last = Covell| first = Roger| title = Poets' justice; CD Reviews | publisher = Sydney Morning Herald| date = October 20, 2001}} He is considered one of the most important specialists in Occitan dialectology and in mediaeval Occitan literature. His activity is distributed among Occitanist politics, philological research and literary creation. He collaborated with publications like Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale, Revue de Linguistique Romane, Estudis Romànics, Oc.

In 1982 he took part in the Linguistic Normalisation commission for Aranese, with Jacme Taupiac and Miquèu Grosclaude: they established some linguistics norms, officialised in 1983, following IEO's indications for Gascon.

Bec died in Poitiers on 30 June 2014, at the age of 92.[http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/Llengcat/menuitem.21576464db9e81e7a129d410b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=035748a344371110VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=035748a344371110VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall&contentid=f6ec57aa141f6410VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD Mor l'occitanista Pèire Bèc]

Importance for Gallo-Cisalpine language(s)

As a linguist, Pierre Bec stated, within his Manuel pratique de Philologie romane (2nd volume, p. 316) that some kind of diachronical unity holds between Rhaeto-Romance languages (i.e. Romansh, Friulian and Ladin) and Northern Italian or Cisalpine ones (Western Lombard, Eastern Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetan, Emiliano-Romagnolo and Ligurian). This issue has been further investigated by the Australian linguist Geoffrey Hull.Hull, Geoffrey, PhD thesis 1982 (University of Sydney), published as The Linguistic Unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia: Historical Grammar of the Padanian Language. 2 vols. Sydney: Beta Crucis, 2017.

Works

=Literature=

Petite anthologie de la lyrique occitane du Moyen Âge (1954){{cite web |last1=Bec |first1=Pierre |title=Petite anthologie de la lyrique occitane du Moyen Age: initiation à la langue et à la poésie des troubadours |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIBJAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Aubanel |access-date=15 November 2021 |language=fr |date=1954}}
Les saluts d'amour du troubadour Arnaud de Mareuil (1961) (editor) {{cite web |last1=Davenson |first1=Henri |title=Les " Saluts d'amour " du troubadour Arnaud de Mareuil, éd. Pierre Bec, avec introduction, traduction et notes |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1962_num_5_20_1249_t1_0475_0000_2 |website=Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale |access-date=15 November 2021 |pages=475 |date=1962}}
La langue occitane (1963){{cite news | last = Smith| first = Alex Duval| title = Europe: The tongue of the troubadours lives on - Babel| work = The Guardian| date = July 26, 1991}}
Burlesque et obscénité chez les troubadours (1984){{cite web |last1=Brusegan |first1=Rosanna |title=Pierre Bec. — Burlesque et obscénité chez les troubadours. Le contre-texte au moyen âge, 1984 (" Moyen âge ") |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1990_num_33_129_2458_t1_0067_0000_3 |website=Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale |access-date=15 November 2021 |pages=67–69 |date=1990}}
Chants d'amour des femmes troubadours (1995) (Anthologist){{cite web |title=Chants d'amour des femmes-troubadours : trobairitz et chansons de femme |url=http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358161231 |publisher=Stock |access-date=15 November 2021 |date=1995}}
Au briu de l'estona (1955) poetry{{cite web |last1=Bec |first1=Pierre |title=Au briu de l'estona : poemas / Pierre Bec Bec, Pierre, 1921-2014 |url=https://bibliotheques.avignon.fr/in/faces/details.xhtml?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000031791&highlight=%C3%89diteur%3A+%26quot%3BA.+Savine%26quot%3B&posInPage=3&bookmark=d064b081-a0c3-4a26-9b2c-dc7006b79c00&queryid=55a7a150-6953-4c24-ad84-7aca61d834b6 |website=bibliotheques.avignon.fr |access-date=15 November 2021}}
Sonets barròcs entà Iseut (1979) poetry{{cite book |last1=Bec |first1=Pierre |title=Sonets barrocs enta Iseut |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489945977 |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Occitans |access-date=15 November 2021 |language=Occitan |date=1979|oclc=489945977 }}
Lo hiu tibat (1978) Novel
Sebastian (1980) Novel
Raconte d’una mort tranquilla (1993) Short Story
Contes de l'unic (1977) Short Story

=Linguistics=

Manuel pratique d'occitan moderne (Picard, 1973; 2e édition 1983){{cite book |last1=Bec |first1=Pierre |title=Manuel pratique d'occitan moderne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgxdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=A. & J. Picard |access-date=15 November 2021 |language=fr |date=1973|isbn=9782708400894 }}
Manuel pratique de philologie romane (Picard, 1970 (vol. 1), 1971 (vol. 2) - reedit. 2000){{cite web |last1=Séguy |first1=Jean |title=Bec (P.), Manuel pratique de philologie romane, vol. I, 558 p., 11 cartes ; vol. II, 643 p., 14 cartes ; Paris, Picard, 1970-1971 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1972_num_84_106_5027_t1_0098_0000_3 |website=Annales du Midi |access-date=15 November 2021 |pages=98–99 |date=1972}}
Les Interférences linguistiques entre gascon et languedocien dans les parlers du Comminges et du Couserans (PUF, 1968): Essai d'aréologie systématique.{{cite web |last1=Séguy |first1=Jean |title=Bec (Pierre), Les interférences linguistiques entre gascon et languedocien dans les parlers du Comminges et du Couserans (Publications de la Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines de Poitiers n° V, Paris P.U.F., 1968) |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1970_num_82_97_4667_t1_0204_0000_3 |website=Annales du Midi |access-date=15 November 2021 |pages=204–206 |date=1970}}