Pierre Charneau
{{Short description|French virologist}}
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Pierre Charneau {{IPAc-en|sh|a:r|'|n|ou}} is a French virologist, inventor, and head of the Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit (VMV) at the Pasteur Institute and an acknowledged specialist in HIV, lentiviral gene transfer vectors, and their medical applications. His discovery of the central DNA-flap structure{{Cite journal|last1=Charneau|first1=Pierre|last2=Montagnier|first2=Luc|last3=Nerhbass|first3=Ulf|last4=Guetard|first4=Denise|last5=Petit|first5=Caroline|last6=Zennou|first6=VÃronique|date=2000-04-14|title=HIV-1 Genome Nuclear Import Is Mediated by a Central DNA Flap|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=101|issue=2|pages=173–185|doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80828-4|issn=0092-8674|pmid=10786833|s2cid=9606648|doi-access=free}} in the HIV genome, and its role in viral entry into the nucleus of the infected cell, grounded the optimization of lentiviral vectors and allowed for more than 20 years of development in gene therapy and vaccines based on this gene delivery technology. Charneau has published more than 100 research articles and holds 25 patents in the field of HIV and lentiviral vectors.
Education
Charneau studied at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) in Paris from which he holds a research doctorate in Molecular and Cellular Biology (1995).https://fr.linkedin.com/in/pierre-charneau-49829749 {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}} After a short time in undergraduate research at the Curie Institute, he pursued his Ph.D. thesis in Luc Montagnier’s Viral Oncology Lab at the Pasteur Institute{{Cite web|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2000/05/05/98265-le-virus-du-sida-pour-soigner-le-cancer.html|title=Le virus du sida pour soigner le cancer|website=ladepeche.fr|language=fr|access-date=2019-02-04}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/sciences/quand-le-virus-transporte-des-genes-medicaments_513|title=Quand le virus transporte des gènes-médicaments|work=Sciences et Avenir|access-date=2019-02-04|language=fr}} on reverse transcription, nuclear import, and mitosis-independent integration of HIV genome.
Career and research
Charneau's research led to the discovery and characterization of the central DNA flap structure within the HIV genome and its key function in nuclear import of the lentivirus/HIV genome in non-dividing cells.{{Cite journal|last1=Charneau|first1=Pierre|last2=Montagnier|first2=Luc|last3=Nerhbass|first3=Ulf|last4=Guetard|first4=Denise|last5=Petit|first5=Caroline|last6=Zennou|first6=Véronique|date=2000-04-14|title=HIV-1 Genome Nuclear Import Is Mediated by a Central DNA Flap|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=101|issue=2|pages=173–185|doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80828-4|issn=0092-8674|pmid=10786833|s2cid=9606648|doi-access=free}} This discovery enabled the development of lentiviral vectors that can infect non-dividing cells,{{Cite journal|last1=Charneau|first1=Pierre|last2=Dubart-Kupperschmitt|first2=Anne|last3=Coulombel|first3=Laure|last4=Vainchenker|first4=William|last5=Titeux|first5=Monique|last6=Zennou|first6=Véronique|last7=Pflumio|first7=Françoise|last8=Sirven|first8=Aude|date=2000-12-15|title=The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 central DNA flap is a crucial determinant for lentiviral vector nuclear import and gene transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells|url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/96/13/4103|journal=Blood|language=en|volume=96|issue=13|pages=4103–4110|issn=0006-4971|pmid=11110680|doi=10.1182/blood.V96.13.4103|url-access=subscription}} contrary to other types of retroviral gene transfer vectors, which can only target dividing cells. Since 2000, Charneau has led his own research group at the Pasteur Institute focusing on molecular virology and vectorology.{{Cite web|url=https://research.pasteur.fr/en/team/molecular-virology-and-vaccinology/|title=Molecular Virology and Vaccinology • Research|last=Pasteur|first=research pasteur fr-Institut|website=Research|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-30}} His research has specialized in lentiviral vectors medicinal applications and his publications and patents{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/pierre-charneau|title=Pierre Charneau Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search|website=patents.justia.com|access-date=2019-02-04}} have led to extensive developments in gene therapy, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations in infectious diseases and oncology.
Charneau's development of lentiviral vectors are used in many therapeutic approaches such as those carried out by bluebird bio,{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1293971/000119312513219925/d500108ds1.htm|title=S-1|website=www.sec.gov|access-date=2019-01-30}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181203006016/en/bluebird-bio-Presents-New-Data-LentiGlobin-Gene|title=bluebird bio Presents New Data for LentiGlobin Gene Therapy in Transfusion Dependent β-Thalassemia at 60th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology|date=2018-12-04|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}} CAR-T,{{Cite web|url=http://investor.bluebirdbio.com/node/9741/html|title=SEC Filing {{!}} bluebird bio, Inc.|website=investor.bluebirdbio.com|access-date=2019-01-30}} Novartis{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170502005316/en/bluebird-bio-Licenses-Lentiviral-Vector-Patent-Rights|title=bluebird bio Licenses Lentiviral Vector Patent Rights for Development and Commercialization of Cell Therapies|date=2017-05-02|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}} (CAR-T{{Cite web|url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-receives-first-ever-fda-approval-car-t-cell-therapy-kymriahtm-ctl019|title=Novartis receives first ever FDA approval for a CAR-T cell therapy, Kymriah(TM) (CTL019), for children and young adults with B-cell ALL that is refractory or has relapsed at least twice|website=Novartis|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}}), Kite{{Cite web|url=http://investor.bluebirdbio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/kite-pharma-and-bluebird-bio-announce-strategic-collaboration|title=Kite Pharma and bluebird bio Announce Strategic Collaboration to Advance Second Generation TCR Cell Therapy Products to Treat HPV-Associated Cancers|website=bluebird bio, Inc.|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}} (TCR), Immune Design{{Cite web|url=https://thefly.com/landingPageNews.php?id=2448029&headline=IMDZ-Immune-Design-enters-settlement-license-pacts-with-TheraVectys|title=Immune Design enters settlement, license pacts with TheraVectys IMDZ - The Fly|website=thefly.com|access-date=2019-01-30}} (Cancer vaccines) and TheraVectys.{{Cite web|url=https://labiotech.eu/medical/theravectys-hiv-cure-on-the-road-to-success/|title=Theravectys' HIV Cure on the Road to Success|date=2015-07-20|website=Labiotech.eu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-30}}{{Cite web|url=https://labiotech.eu/medical/immunotherapy-reaches-breakthrough-in-eliminating-hiv/|title=Immunotherapy reaches Breakthrough in eliminating HIV|date=2016-06-13|website=Labiotech.eu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-30}}{{Cite web|url=https://labiotech.eu/infographics/hiv-treatments-aids-europe/|title=The 10 Most Innovative HIV Treatments to Defeat AIDS|date=2017-09-13|website=Labiotech.eu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-30}}
Awards and honors
- 2004 – Award of the French Academy of Science – Prix Jean-Pierre Lecocq{{Cite web|url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/archivage_site/activite/prix/laureat_04.pdf|title=Lauréats 2004 des Prix de l'Académie des sciences|year=2004|access-date=2019-04-19}}
- 2009 – Line Renaud Award of the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale{{Cite web|url=https://www.frm.org/upload/pdf/frm-cp-prix-09.pdf|title=2009 Awards by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale}}
See also
References
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External links
- [https://research.pasteur.fr/en/team/molecular-virology-and-vaccinology/ Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit]
- [https://labiotech.eu/sponsored/lentiviral-vectors-the-secret-behind-car-t/ Lentiviral vectors: the secret behind the rise of CAR-T therapies]
- [https://labiotech.eu/sponsored/lentiviral-vector-vaccinations-theravectys/ Can Lentiviral Vectors Give CAR-T a Run for Its Money?]
- [https://labiotech.eu/sponsored/current-landscape-immunotherapies-infographic/ Infographic: Discovering The Current Landscape of Immunotherapies]
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Category:Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni