Pierre Chaulet

Chaulet was born in Algiers on March 27, 1930. His father was Alexandre Chaulet, a Catholic labor organizer who founded Algeria's first section of the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC).{{Cite book |last=Fontaine |first=Darcie |title=Decolonizing Christianity |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-107-11817-1 |location=New York |pages=47–48}}Fontaine, p. 35 As a teenager, he visited the slums of Algiers and witnessed the negative impacts of tuberculosis. Later, he studied medicine at Algiers University, specializing in phthisiology.{{Cite journal |last=Stafford |first=Ned |date=2013-01-30 |title=Pierre Chaulet |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f571.full |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=346 |pages=f571 |doi=10.1136/bmj.f571 |issn=1756-1833|url-access=subscription }}

In 1952, Pierre Chaulet co-founded the Association de la jeunesse alge ́rienne pour l’action sociale (Association of Algerian Youth for Social Action or AJAAS). The group provided aid to Algerians and provided a forum for dialogue between Europeans and Algerians. Many Christian members became supportive of Algerian independence because of their participation in AJAAS.Fontaine, p. 52

Additionally, he was involved with Consciences Maghrébiennes, an anti-colonial newspaper.

Chaulet and his wife, Claudine, were part of a minority of pieds-noirs or Algerian-born people of French descent who publicly supported the FLN and Algerian independence.{{Cite book |last=Lazreg |first=Marnia |title=Torture and the Twilight of Empire |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-400-88381-3 |location=Princeton, NJ |pages=209}} In 1955, Chaulet joined the FLN.Fontaine, pp. 73-74 That March, he introduced Frantz Fanon to the FLN in Blida.{{cite book |author=Hussein Abdilahi Bulhan |author-link=Hussein Abdilahi Bulhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z55WPkZpyoYC |title=Frantz Fanon and the Psychology of Oppression |publisher=Springer |year=1985 |isbn=1-85973-927-X}}{{Cite book |last=Fanon |first=Frantz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6pNSDwAAQBAJ |title=Alienation and Freedom |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4742-5022-1 |editor-last=Khalfa |editor-first=Jean |location=London |pages=313–314 |translator-last=Corcoran |translator-first=Steve |editor-last2=Young |editor-first2=Robert J.C.}}

As a medical student, Chaulet secretly provided medical care to injured FLN fighters. The French government had restricted access to medical supplies for Algerians, so he worked with other European doctors to acquire them. He also taught basic medical skills to FLN members, including stitches and vaccinations.{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Jennifer |title=The Battle for Algeria Sovereignty, Health Care, and Humanitarianism |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-4771-8 |location=Philadelphia |pages=85–86 |chapter=}}Lazreg, p. 302

Chaulet sheltered the FLN leader Ramdane Abane, smuggled FLN members in and out of the city in his car, and worked as a journalist for the FLN paper, El Moudjahid.{{Cite book |last=Mavhunga |first=Clapperton Chakanetsa |url=https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5693/Dare-to-Invent-the-FutureKnowledge-in-the-Service |title=Dare to Invent the Future: Knowledge in the Service of and through Problem-Solving |publisher=The MIT Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780262376716 |pages=101}}

In 1957, he completed his medical degree. That February, his cover was blown and he was arrested, eventually getting expelled to France. Chaulet and his wife, Claudine, rejoined the FLN in Tunisia where he worked as a phthisiology doctor in Tunis and continued to write for El Moudjahid.{{cite news |url=http://www.elwatan.com/spip.php?page=article&id_article=38809|title=Professeur Chaulet - Itinéraire d'un homme accompli au service des autres

| date=2006-03-23|author=Hamid Tahri|author-link=Hamid Tahri|work=El Watan}}{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/frantzfanonportr00cher|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/frantzfanonportr00cher/page/79 79]|title=Frantz Fanon: A Portrait|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-8014-7308-X|author=Alice Cherki|author-link=Alice Cherki}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZvDC_XoGncC&pg=PA46|title=The Memory of Resistance: French Opposition to the Algerian War |year=2006|isbn=1-85973-927-X|author=Martin Evans|publisher=Berg Publishers |author-link=Martin Evans}} He also contributed to the documentary film Djazaïrouna, which was broadcast to the United Nations and brought global attention to the Algerian perspective of the war.{{Cite book |last=Belkaïd |first=Meryem |title=From Outlaw to Rebel: Oppositional documentaries in Contemporary Algeria |publisher=Springer Nature |year=2023 |isbn=9783031191565 |location=Cham, Switzerland |pages=35}}{{Cite web |last=Ouartsi |first=Rym |title=The politics of language in Algerian and Moroccan films from 1999 to 2015 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/127989639/2020_Rym_Ouartsi_1261568_ethesis.pdf |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=King's College London |page=72}}{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0UY-RHwVN8 |title="Djazaïrouna جزائرنا" Pierre Chaulet, Djamel Chanderli, Mohamed Lakhdar Hamina (1961) فيلم جزائري |date=2021-08-02 |last=Archives Numériques du Cinéma Algérien |access-date=2024-09-04 |via=YouTube}}

In July 1961, Chaulet represented the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) in discussions regarding the status of the Catholic Church in an independent Algeria. Along with other Catholic members of the FLN, Chaulet advocated that any Islamic buildings that had been taken over by the Catholic Church should be given back to the future Algerian state. This included the Ketchaoua Mosque in Algiers.Fontaine, p. 178

On the first Algerian Independence Day, Chaulet and his wife were granted citizenship in honor of their work with the FLN.Fontaine, p. 199

After the war, he worked at the Mustapha Pacha hospital, and his wife became a professor of sociology at the University of Algiers.Fontaine, p. 201

Chaulet researched tuberculosis, becoming an international expert on the disease and assisting in the modernization and standardization of tuberculosis treatment and prevention. Through these efforts, he contributed to the eradication of tuberculosis in Algeria, and other countries around the world sought to duplicate this success. An active member of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease for several decades, he worked with WHO in various capacities including consulting and writing.{{Cite journal |last1=Thébaud-Mony |first1=Annie |last2=Turshen |first2=translated by Meredeth |date=November 2020 |title=Lessons From Tuberculosis Control for COVID-19: Screening Should Be Universal |journal=NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=168–172 |doi=10.1177/1048291120957238 |pmid=32903152 |bibcode=2020NewSo..30..168T |issn=1048-2911|doi-access=free }}{{Cite web |last=Aït-Khaled |first=Nadia |date=2012-10-15 |title=In memoriam: Pierre Chaulet (1930-2012) |url=https://theunion.org/news/in-memoriam-pierre-chaulet-1930-2012 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease |language=en}} In 1999, the Japanese Anti-Tuberculosis Association gave him the Princess Chichibu Memorial TB Global Award.{{Cite journal |last1=MacLean |first1=Emily |last2=Bigioa |first2=Jacob |last3=Singha |first3=Urvashi |date=2021-01-16 |title=Global tuberculosis awards must do better with equity, diversity, and inclusion |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32627-1/fulltext |journal=The Lancet |volume=397 |issue=10270 |at=Supplementary Appendix}}

In 1992, when Muhammad Boudiaf was invited back to Algeria after an exile of 27 years, he asked for Pierre Chaulet's assistance.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} Chaulet was a member of the Conseil national économique et social (CNES) in Algeria.{{Cite web |title=Pierre Chaulet inhumé à côté de Henri Maillot à Alger |url=https://www.lematindz.net/news/9835-pierre-chaulet-inhume-a-cote-de-henri-maillot-a-alger.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Le Matin d'Algérie |language=fr}}

In 2012, he and his wife published their memoirs, Le choix de L'Algérie : deux voix, une mémoire (The Choice of Algeria: Two Voices, One Memory).

Chaulet was Catholic. His sister, Anne-Marie, married FLN member Salah Louanchi.Fontaine, p. 81 He met his wife, Claudine, while they were both working on Consciences Maghrébiennes.{{Cite news |last=Akef |first=Amir |date=2015-11-04 |title=Claudine Chaulet, militante de l'indépendance algérienne, est morte à 84 ans |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2015/11/04/claudine-chaulet-militante-de-l-independance-algerienne-est-morte-a-84-ans_4802929_3382.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |work=Le Monde |language=fr}} They had 3 children and 4 grandchildren.

Fellow FLN member, Mokhtar Mokhtefi, was a friend of Chaulet and wrote about meeting him and his family in his memoirs.{{Cite web |last1=Barnett |first1=Marcus |last2=Mokhtefi |first2=Elaine |date=2023-03-07 |title=Mokhtar Mokhtefi's Literature of Refusal |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2023/03/literature-of-refusal |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Tribune |language=en-GB}}{{Cite book |last=Mokhtefi |first=Mokhtar |title=I Was a French Muslim |publisher=Other Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781635421804 |location=New York |pages=135–140, 160–162, 351–355, 378–379 |translator-last=Mokhtefi |translator-first=Elaine}}

Chaulet died of stomach cancer{{Cite news |date=2012-10-08 |title=Algerian anti-colonial doctor Pierre Chaulet dies |url=http://news.howzit.msn.com/algerian-anti-colonial-doctor-pierre-chaulet-dies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104100320/http://news.howzit.msn.com/algerian-anti-colonial-doctor-pierre-chaulet-dies |archive-date=2013-01-04 |work=AFP}} on 5 October 2012 in Montpellier, France. Four days later, Archbishop Henri Teissier led the funeral mass in Algiers, which was attended by Lakhdar Brahimi.{{Cite web |title=9 Pierre Chaulet Photos & High Res Pictures - Getty Images |url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/search/2/image?family=editorial&sort=mostpopular&phrase=pierre%20chaulet |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.gettyimages.ca}}{{Cite web |title=9 imágenes de Algeria Pierre Chaulet Funeral - Oct 2012 - Imágenes de stock, imágenes editoriales y fotos de stock |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/es/editorial/sets/7753579 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Shutterstock Editorial |language=es}} Chaulet's coffin was draped with the Algerian flag. At his request, he was buried near Henri Maillot at Diar Saâda's Christian Cemetery.{{cite news|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Monde/Deces-de-Pierre-Chaulet-chretien-militant-algerien-_EG_-2012-10-10-862938 |title=Décès de Pierre Chaulet, chrétien militant algérien |newspaper=La Croix |language=fr |publisher=La-Croix.com |date= 10 October 2012|accessdate=2012-10-14}}

In an obituary, his colleague eulogized him as someone who "devoted his life to the service of Algeria, fought unceasingly for the freedom of its people and worked relentlessly for the improvement of public health, for access to care for all, and particularly for those most destitute".

• Vautier, René; Chanderli, Djamel-Eddine; Hamina, Mohamed Lakhdar; Chaulet, Pierre. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0UY-RHwVN8 Djazaïrouna.] Service Cinéma du GPRA, 1961.
• Chaulet, Pierre (1987-06-01). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041387987800168 "Compliance with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in developing countries".] Tubercle. 68 (2, Supplement 1): 19–24. doi:10.1016/S0041-3879(87)80016-8. ISSN 0041-3879.
• Maher, Dermot; Chaulet, Pierre; Spinaci, Sergio; Harries, Anthony. [https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376313/WHO-TB-97.220-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Programs"]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Programme, 1997.
• Chaulet, Pierre (2009-01-20). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041387987800168 "La lutte antituberculeuse dans le monde: stratégies et actions sur le terrain".] Respiration. 57 (3): 145–159. doi:10.1159/000195838. ISSN 0025-7931.
• Chaulet, Claudine; Chaulet, Pierre. Le choix de L'Algérie : deux voix, une mémoire (The Choice of Algeria: Two Voices, One Memory). Algiers: Barzakh Editions, 2012.

{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaulet, Pierre}}

Category:People from Algiers

Category:2012 deaths

Category:1930 births

Category:People of the Algerian War

Category:Algerian people of French descent

Category:Algerian physicians

Category:Pulmonologists

Category:21st-century Algerian people

Category:Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria)

{{Algeria-med-bio-stub}}