Pierre Steyn

Steyn joined the South African Air Force (SAAF) of the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1960, and in 1963 graduated from the military academy at Stellenbosch University with a BMil.{{Cite book|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201604/arms-commission-reporta.pdf|title=Report of the Arms Procurement Commission|publisher=The Commission|year=2015|volume=1|location=Pretoria}}{{cite web|title=Profile of Lt-Gen P.D. Steyn|url=http://www.armscomm.org.za/hearings/witness-statements/ws-Steyn-%20statement-p050-130.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323211644/http://www.armscomm.org.za/hearings/witness-statements/ws-Steyn-%20statement-p050-130.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-23|website=Arms Procurement Commission|accessdate=October 24, 2014}} He also has an MBL from Unisa (1990) and an LLB from Unisa (2011). He served as SAAF Chief of Operations from 1987 to 1988, as SADF Chief of Staff Personnel from 1989 to 1990, and as Chief of Defence Force Staff from 1990 to 1993.{{Cite web|last=Flanagan|first=Louise|date=2014-05-15|title=Arms deal ‘fraud, manipulation’ exposed|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/arms-deal-fraud-manipulation-exposed-1688941|access-date=2021-11-30|website=IOL|language=en}} In 1992, President F. W. de Klerk appointed him to chair a commission of inquiry, best known as the Steyn Commission, into possible criminal activity among SADF units.{{cite web|author=Gibson|first=Erika|date=2014|title=The Arms Acquisition Unplugged|url=http://www.aafonline.co.za/column/erika-gibson-column-arms-aquisition-unplugged|url-status=dead|website=African Armed Forces|publisher=|accessdate=October 24, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024131358/http://www.aafonline.co.za/column/erika-gibson-column-arms-aquisition-unplugged|archivedate=October 24, 2014}} He retired from the military in October 1993, several months after the submission of the Commission's final report.{{Cite news|last=Badat|first=Shireen|date=1994|title='Mr Clean' in from the cold|work=Mail & Guardian|url=https://disa.ukzn.ac.za/sites/default/files/pdf_files/DeOct94.1017.0243.008.006.Oct1994.10.pdf|access-date=2021-11-30}}{{Cite news|date=1997-01-17|title=Steyn denies he fingered generals to de Klerk|work=SAPA|publisher=Department of Justice|url=https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9701/s970117g.htm|access-date=2021-11-30}}

In August 1994, Steyn was appointed the inaugural Secretary for Defence, a new civilian position at the head of the Department of Defence. He resigned in August 1998. He has said that he resigned because of financial management and procurement irregularities relating to the Arms Deal, which was signed in 1999 after his departure. He testified about the deal at the Arms Procurement Commission in May 2014, and was highly critical of the conduct of former Defence Minister Joe Modise and former SADF Chief of Acquisition Shamin "Chippy" Shaik.{{Cite web|date=2014-05-14|title=Arms deal: Former defence secretary says govt flouted tender procedures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/arms-deal-former-defence-secretary-says-govt-flouted-tender-procedures-20150429|access-date=2021-11-30|website=News24|language=en-US}}

{{Infobox event|name=Commission on Alleged Dangerous Activities of SADF Components|date=November 1992 – July 1993|blank_label=Commissioner|blank_data=Pierre Steyn|also known as=Steyn Commission|image=SteynReport.pdf|caption=Interim report (1992)}}

Amid the precarious negotiations to end apartheid, the early 1990s in South Africa were marked by political violence, commonly alleged by the African National Congress to be attributable to a state-aligned "third force." In this context, the Goldstone Commission, in the course of its inquiry into political violence, conducted a raid on the SADF Directorate of Covert Collections. When it found evidence of possible SADF involvement in illegal activities, Steyn was appointed, on 18 November 1992, to investigate.{{Cite journal|last=Stott|first=Noel|date=2002|title=From the SADF to the SANDF: Safeguarding South Africa for a better life for all?|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/103420/fromsadftosandf.pdf|journal=Violence and Transition Series|publisher=Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation|volume=7}}{{cite web|date=1998|title=Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission|url=http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter7/subsection2.htm?t=%2Bsteyn+%2Bpj&tab=report|website=SABC|publisher=The Commission|accessdate=October 24, 2014}} Steyn has said that he was constantly surveilled and harassed during the period in which the Commission operated.{{Cite book|last=Gould|first=Chandré|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145221/2002_ProjectCoase_en.pdf|title=Project Coast: Apartheid’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme|last2=Folb|first2=Peter|publisher=United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research|year=2002|location=Geneva}}

In December 1992, in what is sometimes known as "the Night of the Generals,"{{Cite web|last=O'Malley|first=Padraig|date=1999-11-30|title=Interview with General Georg Meiring in Pretoria|url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02133/05lv02157/06lv02160.htm|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The O'Malley Archives}} de Klerk met with Steyn and, the next day, announced that 23 SADF members had been compelled to retire or suspended pending further investigation.{{Cite web|date=1997-01-17|title=De Klerk 'knew of third force activities'|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-01-17-de-klerk-knew-of-third-force-activities/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}} In Steyn's account, he had presented a situation report on his investigation to de Klerk, but had not recommended any specific actions or dismissals; instead, de Klerk had decided on the dismissals following consultation with SADF leadership.

Steyn submitted several further reports to de Klerk before the Commission closed in July 1993. Some of the matters raised by Steyn were referred back to the Goldstone Commission or were taken up by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

A criminal investigation was conducted into implicated SADF officers, at Steyn's recommendation. According to SADF Chief Georg Meiring, the investigation was initiated in January 1993 under the Attorneys-General of the Transvaal and Witswatersrand, but was unable to substantiate Steyn's allegations. Ultimately, Wouter Basson, one of the generals suspended in December 1992, was the only SADF official to face criminal charges for activities investigated by the Steyn Commission.{{Cite news|last=Daley|first=Suzanne|date=1997-01-18|title=South Africa's Truth Panel Accuses de Klerk of Lies and Cover-Up|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/18/world/south-africa-s-truth-panel-accuses-de-klerk-of-lies-and-cover-up.html|access-date=2021-11-30|issn=0362-4331}} Indeed, Steyn had noted in his first report that his suspicions would be difficult to prove conclusively, especially due to the destruction of records and other evidence by SADF officials.{{cite book|last1=O'Brien|first1=Kevin A.|title=The South African Intelligence Services: From Apartheid to Democracy, 1948-2005|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-84061-0|series=Studies in Intelligence Series|chapter="Negotiating a settlement"}}

The report of the Commission was partly leaked in 1997, but only declassified in 2006.{{Cite news|date=2006-05-02|title=SA agents 'stoked black violence'|language=en-GB|work=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4966564.stm|access-date=2021-11-30}}{{Cite web|last=Carter|first=Chiara|date=2006-04-30|title=Apartheid army's deadly secrets|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/apartheid-armys-deadly-secrets-275899|access-date=2021-11-30|website=IOL|language=en}} According to the Mail and Guardian, President Nelson Mandela had decided that its findings were so "explosive" that their publication might threaten the stability of the post-apartheid transition.{{Cite web|date=1997-01-31|title=Shocks from the Steyn Report|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-01-31-shocks-from-the-steyn-report/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}} The report shows that the Commission found prima facie, but primarily under-corroborated, indication that SADF members had been involved in:

• Extra-judicial killings, including by poison
• Chemical attacks
• Weapons stockpiling in Portugal, elsewhere in Africa, and domestically
• Corruption
• Train violence and hostel violence
• Provision of military training to insurgents in neighbouring countries and to Inkatha
• Third force activity through "Project Pastoor"

Among the SADF units implicated in such activities were the 7 Medical Battalion; Special Forces; and Military Intelligence and its Directorate of Covert Collection. Some projects were allegedly undertaken in collaboration with the police or Civil Cooperation Bureau.

• {{MilAward Desc|SD}}
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• 68x68px SAAF Pilot's Wings (more than 2500 hours)

{{reflist|2}}

• "[http://historicalpapers-atom.wits.ac.za/steyn-report-summary Executive summary of the Steyn Report]" (1992). Historical Papers Research Archive, Wits University.

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{{s-mil}}

{{s-new| reason = Post re-created}}

{{s-ttl | title = Secretary for Defence| years = 1994{{ndash}}1999}}

{{s-aft | after= January Masilela}}

{{s-bef | before = Bert Bekker}}

{{s-ttl | title = Chief of Defence Force Staff | years = 1992{{ndash}}1993}}

{{s-vac|next=Siphiwe Nyanda
in 1994|}}

{{s-bef | before = Len Meyer}}

{{s-ttl | title = Chief of Staff Personnel| years = 1991{{ndash}}1992}}

{{s-aft | after= Willie Wolmarans}}

{{s-bef | before = James Kriel|rows=2}}

{{s-ttl | title = Deputy Chief of Staff Operations| years = 1990{{ndash}}1991}}

{{s-aft | after= Joep Joubert }}

{{s-ttl | title = Chief of Air Staff Operations| years = 1987{{ndash}}1990}}

{{s-aft | after= James Kriel}}

{{s-bef | before = Pieter Bosman Huyser}}

{{s-ttl | title = Inspector General South African Air Force| years = 1986{{ndash}}1987}}

{{s-aft | after= PJ Geldinhuys}}

{{s-bef | before = PF Gouws}}

{{s-ttl | title = OC AFB Hoedspruit| years = 1982{{ndash}}1984}}

{{s-aft | after= Chris Lombard}}

{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Steyn, Pierre}}

Category:South African Air Force generals

Category:1942 births

Category:Living people

Category:People from Swellendam