Pierre Yambuya

Yambuya was born in Stanleyville, Belgian Congo as the son of Abram Yambuya, high civil servant within the Mouvement national congolais party of the country's first Prime Minister, Patrice Lumumba. He was the grandson of pastor Yambuya, early Kimbanguist in Stanleyville.{{cite web |url=https://www.reveil-fm.com/index.php?post/2019/08/05/6916-rdc-hommage-a-m-zee-pierre-yambuya-lotika-kibesi-qui-s-en-est-alle |title=RDC: Hommage à M'zée Pierre Yambuya Lotika Kibesi qui s'en est allé ! |last=Mulongo |first=Freddy |date=5 August 2019 |website=Réveil FM |publisher= |access-date=12 December 2020 |quote=}} He went to school at the Athenée royal in Stanleyville in 1957.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=2003 |title=Le développement de la RDC par la Direction générale de migration |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4660/3749.pdf |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Direction générale de migration |page=48 |isbn=}}

As an adolescent, he fought in the Comité national de libération alongside Laurent-Désiré Kabila during the Simba rebellion in 1964.{{cite web |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/freddy-mulongo/blog/070819/temoignage-pierre-yambuya-lotika-kibesi-patriote-et-lumumbiste-pure-jus |title=Témoignage: Pierre Yambuya Lotika Kibesi "Patriote et Lumumbiste pure jus" ! |last=Mulongo |first=Freddy |date=7 August 2019 |website=blogs.mediapart.fr |publisher=Mediapart |access-date=12 December 2020 |quote=}} He subsequently went into exile in Sudan, Uganda, Egypt, and Bulgaria.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=2003 |title=Le développement de la RDC par la Direction générale de migration |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4660/3749.pdf |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Direction générale de migration |page=48 |isbn=}}

File:Zairian troops with Moroccan.jpg war]]

Yambuya returned to Congo in 1966 and, after obtaining his high school degree in Bas-Congo in 1970, he joined the Congolese military and obtained his helicopter pilot licence in Marignane, France in May 1975.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=2003 |title=Le développement de la RDC par la Direction générale de migration |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4660/3749.pdf |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Direction générale de migration |page=48 |isbn=}} That same year, he returns to his native country to start at the helicopter squadron of Ndolo base, Kinshasa.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page=19 |isbn=9789064455261}} According to his tell-all memoir about his time in the Zairean army (Forces armées zaïroises, FAZ), Zaïre: l'abattoir, he regularly had to perform "special missions", moving prisoners to places where they were tortured or assassinated. On other occasions, he had to drop packages of up to 600 kg. filled with corpses and debris in a river.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page= |isbn=9789064455261}}

File:Puma helicopter of Zaire during 1976 Ebola outbreak.png during the 1976 Ebola outrbreak]]

He fought during the first Shaba war in 1977 and second Shaba war in 1978, when ex-Katangese gendarmes invaded the Shaba province (formerly Katanga) from Angola and Zambia and were pushed back by the FAZ and international interventions. During Shaba II's Battle of Kolwezi, thirty European residents were murdered in a villa in the P2 quarter of the city during the so-called "P2 massacre" in May 1978. Blamed by Zaire's President Mobutu Sese Seko on the rebels, Yambuya nevertheless claimed that FAZ Colonel Bosange ordered his troops to shoot through the blinds of the villa, killing the Europeans who sought refuge.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page=69 |isbn=9789064455261}} One rumour even claimed that they were murdered by FAZ forces to provoke a foreign intervention. The international decision to intervene, however, was already taken by that time.{{cite book |last1=Larmer |first1=Miles |author-link1=Miles Larmer |last2=Kennes |first2= Erik| date=2016 |title=The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa: Fighting Their Way Home |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCFjDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR4 |location=Bloomington |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=138 |isbn=978-0-253-02150-2}}

On 30 October 1984, troops of Yambuya's superior general Bolozi arrested him when he refused to take part in a special mission and was mistreated in prison. An officer helps him to escape and he subsequently fled to Rome.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page=107-109 |isbn=9789064455261}} He began to work for Amnesty International in Rome, published his memoir, gave interviews to newspapers, and participated in conferences.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page=20 |isbn=9789064455261}}

In November 1996, Yambuya joins his old rebel ally Laurent-Désiré Kabila at the AFDL.{{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=2003 |title=Le développement de la RDC par la Direction générale de migration |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4660/3749.pdf |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Direction générale de migration |page=48 |isbn=}} After Kabila replaced Mobutu as the country's President, Yambuya returned and founded the Directorate General of Migration (DGM) and was its Director from 1997 to 2004.{{cite web |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/freddy-mulongo/blog/220819/rdc-mzee-pierre-yambuya-lotika-sera-enterre-kasangulu-dans-le-kongo-central |title=RDC: Mzée Pierre Yambuya Lotika sera enterré à Kasangulu dans le Kongo-Central! |last=Mulongo |first=Freddy |date=22 August 2019 |website=blogs.mediapart.fr |publisher=Mediapart |access-date=12 December 2020 |quote=}} Joseph Kabila succeeded his father Laurent-Désiré who was assassinated, in 2001. Adversary to Joseph Kabila's regime, the security service decided to arrest Yambuya who once again went into exile. He appeared in documentaries such as Thierry Michel's Mobutu, King of Zaire about Mobutu's presidency. He published several volumes about "Neocolonialism in Congo", in which he proposes the theory that Joseph is not the biological child of Laurent-Désiré Kabila.

• {{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: het Abattoir. Over gruweldaden van het leger van Mobutu. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=EPO Uitgeverij |page= |isbn=9789064455261}}
• {{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1991 |title=Zaïre: l'abattoir. Un pilote de Mobutu parle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgbPQAACAAJ |location=Antwerp |publisher=Editions EPO |page= |isbn=9782872620364}}
• {{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=1996 |title=L'Autopsie d'une armée sans cœur ni âme. Mobutu, je suis témoin oculaire de vos crimes. |url= |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Editions Zazeta |page= |isbn=}}
• {{cite book |last=Yambuya |first=Pierre |author-link= |date=2003 |title=Le développement de la RDC par la Direction générale de migration |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/4660/3749.pdf |location=Kinshasa |publisher=Direction générale de migration |page= |isbn=}}
• {{cite book |last=Yambuya Lotika kibesi |first=Pierre |author-link= |date= |title=Le néocolonialisme au Congo |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=2952639760}}

• {{annotated link|Battle of Kolwezi}}
• {{annotated link|Mobutu, King of Zaire}}
• {{annotated link|Operation Leopard}}
• {{annotated link|Shaba I}}
• {{annotated link|Shaba II}}

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Category:1951 births

Category:2019 deaths

Category:People from Kisangani

Category:Zaire

Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel

Category:People of the Cold War

Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo torture victims

Category:People of the Congo Crisis