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Piledriver (microarchitecture)

{{short description|Microarchitecture by AMD}}

{{Infobox CPU

| name = Piledriver - Family 15h (2nd-gen)

| image =

| image_size = 138px

| caption =

| created = {{Start date and age|May 15, 2012}}

| produced-start =

| produced-end =

| size-from = 32 nm SOI GF

| manuf1 = AMD

| core1 = AMD APU

| core2 = AMD FX

| core3 = Opteron

| predecessor = Bulldozer - Family 15h

| successor = Steamroller - Family 15h (3rd-gen)

| sock1 = Socket AM3+

| sock2 = Socket FM2

| sock3 = Socket FS1

| sock4 = Socket FP2 (μBGA-827)

| arch = AMD64 (x86-64)

| support status = iGPU unsupported

}}

AMD Piledriver Family 15h is a microarchitecture developed by AMD as the second-generation successor to Bulldozer. It targets desktop, mobile and server markets. It is used for the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (formerly Fusion), AMD FX, and the Opteron line of processors.

The changes over Bulldozer are incremental. Piledriver uses the same "module" design. Its main improvements are to branch prediction and FPU/integer scheduling, along with a switch to hard-edge flip-flops to improve power consumption. This resulted in clock speed gains of 8–10% and a performance increase of around 15% with similar power characteristics.{{cite web |last=Hruska |first=Joel |title=AMD's FX-8350 analyzed: Does Piledriver deliver where Bulldozer fell short? |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/138394-amds-fx-8350-analyzed-does-piledriver-deliver-where-bulldozer-fell-short |publisher=ExtremeTech |access-date=23 March 2013}} FX-9590 is around 40% faster than Bulldozer-based FX-8150, mostly because of higher clock speed.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Products based on Piledriver were first released on 15 May 2012 with the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), code-named Trinity, series of mobile products.{{cite web |title=AMD launches widely anticipated "Trinity" APU |date= 15 May 2012 |work= Press release |url= https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/second-generation-amd-a-series-2012may15.aspx |publisher=AMD |access-date= 16 January 2014}} APUs aimed at desktops followed in early October 2012 with Piledriver-based FX-series CPUs released later in the month.{{cite web |title=New AMD A-Series Processors Bring Faster Speeds, High Core Count and AMD Radeon HD 7000 Series Graphics to Do-It-Yourself PC Enthusiasts and Gamers |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/press-release-2012oct2.aspx |publisher=AMD |access-date=22 March 2013}}{{cite web |title=New AMD FX Line-Up Brings Faster Speeds and Higher Performance Core over Previous Generation to PC Enthusiasts and Gamers |url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/new-amd-fx-line-2012oct23.aspx |publisher=AMD |access-date=22 March 2013}} Opteron server processors based upon Piledriver were announced in early December 2012.{{cite web |title=New AMD Opteron 4300 and 3300 Series Processors Deliver Ideal Performance, Power and Price for Cloud Applications |date= 4 December 2012 |work= Press release |publisher= AMD |url= https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/new-amd-opteron-2012dec04.aspx |access-date= 16 January 2014}}

Design

Piledriver includes improvements over the original Bulldozer microarchitecture:{{cite web |last=Hruska |first=Joel |title=AMD detonates Trinity: Behold Bulldozer's second coming |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/129363-amd-detonates-trinity-behold-bulldozers-second-coming |publisher=ExtremeTech |access-date=22 March 2013}}{{cite web |last=Walton |first=Jarred |title=The AMD Trinity Review (A10-4600M): A New Hope |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/5831/amd-trinity-review-a10-4600m-a-new-hope |publisher=AnandTech |access-date=22 March 2013}}

  • Clustered Multi-Thread
  • Higher clock rates
  • Instructions per clock (IPC) improvements
  • Lower power consumption and temperatures
  • Turbo Core 3.0
  • Faster integrated memory controller (IMC)
  • Fixed hardware divider
  • Improved branch prediction and prefetching
  • Perceptron branch predictor{{cite web| url = http://www.anandtech.com/show/5831/amd-trinity-review-a10-4600m-a-new-hope| title = The AMD Trinity Review (A10-4600M): A New Hope}}
  • Improved floating-point and integer scheduling
  • Support for Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) 1.1,{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/AMD-Trinity-Architectural-Preview-Part-II-267131.shtml |title=AMD Trinity Architectural Preview - Part II |publisher= Softpedia |date= 30 April 2012 |author= Constantin Murariu |access-date= 6 January 2014}}{{cite web |author=Charlie Demerjian |url=http://www.semiaccurate.com/2012/05/25/trinity-is-more-than-the-sum-of-its-parts/ |title=Trinity is more than the sum of its parts |publisher=SemiAccurate |date=2012-05-25 |access-date=2013-10-23}} FMA3, BMI1 and TBM
  • Larger L1 translation lookaside buffers (TLB) and L2 efficiency improvements
  • Switch to hard-edge flip-flops, allowing a decrease in power consumption
  • Cyclos resonant clock mesh (RCM) technology{{cite web |url=http://www.bit-tech.net/news/hardware/2012/02/21/amd-packs-cyclos-piledriver/1 |title=AMD packs Cyclos clock tech into Piledriver |author=Gareth Halfacree |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=21 September 2013}}
  • 17–220 W thermal design power (TDP)

Features

=CPUs=

{{empty section|date=March 2023}}

=APUs=

APU features table

Processors

{{Main|List of AMD FX processors|List of AMD processors with 3D graphics|Opteron}}

= Desktop =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
rowspan="3" | Model

! colspan="5" | CPU

! colspan="3" | GPU

! rowspan="3" | TDP
(W)

! rowspan="3" | DDR3
Memory

! rowspan="3" | Turbo
Core
3.0

! rowspan="3" | Socket

rowspan="2" |[Modules/FPUs]
Cores/threads

! colspan="2" |Freq. (GHz)

! colspan="2" |Cache

! rowspan="2" |Model

! rowspan="2" |Config

! rowspan="2" |Freq.
(MHz)

Base

! Turbo

! L2

! L3

FX-9590

| rowspan="9" | [4]8

| 4.7

| 5.0

| rowspan="9" | 4× 2MB

| rowspan="12" | 8MB

| rowspan="14" colspan="3" {{N/a}}

| rowspan="2" | 220

| rowspan="14" | 1866

| rowspan="26" | Yes

| rowspan="14" | AM3+

FX-9370

| 4.4

| 4.7

FX-8370

| 4.0

| rowspan="2" | 4.3

| 125

FX-8370E

| 3.3

| 95

FX-8350

| 4.0

| 4.2

| rowspan="2" | 125

FX-8320

| 3.5

| rowspan="2" | 4.0

FX-8320E

| 3.2

| 95

FX-8310

|3.4

|4.3

|95

FX-8300

| 3.3

| 4.2

| 95

FX-6350

| rowspan="2" | [3]6

| 3.9

| 4.2

| rowspan="2" | 3× 2MB

| 125

FX-6300

| 3.5

| 4.1

| 95

FX-4350

| rowspan="11" | [2]4

| 4.2

| 4.3

| rowspan="11" | 2× 2MB

| 125

FX-4320

| 4.0

| 4.2

| rowspan="2" | 4MB

| rowspan="2" | 95

FX-4300

| 3.8

| 4.0

A10-6800K

| 4.1

| 4.4

| rowspan="12" {{N/a}}

| rowspan="2" | HD 8670D

| rowspan="4" | 384:24:8

| rowspan="2" | 844

| 100

| 2133

| rowspan="12" | FM2

A10-6700

| 3.7

| 4.3

| 65

| rowspan="9" | 1866

A10-5800K

| 3.8

| 4.2

| rowspan="2" | HD 7660D

| 800

| 100

A10-5700

| 3.4

| 4.0

| 760

| 65

A8-6600K

| 3.9

| 4.2

| rowspan="2" | HD 8570D

| rowspan="4" | 256:16:8

| 844

| 100

A8-6500

| 3.5

| 4.1

| 800

| 65

A8-5600K

| 3.6

| 3.9

| rowspan="2" | HD 7560D

| rowspan="2" | 760

| 100

A8-5500

| 3.2

| 3.7

| rowspan="5" | 65

A6-6400K

| rowspan="4" | [1]2

| 3.9

| 4.1

| rowspan="4" | 1MB

| HD 8470D

| rowspan="2" | 192:12:4

| 800

A6-5400K

| 3.6

| 3.8

| HD 7540D

| 760

A4-5300

| 3.4

| 3.6

| rowspan="2" | HD 7480D

| rowspan="2" | 128:8:4

| rowspan="2" | 723

| 1600

A4-4000

| 3.0

| 3.2

| 1333

The K suffix denotes an unlocked A-series processor. All FX-series processors are unlocked unless otherwise specified.

= Mobile =

File:AMD FS1 CPU Socket-top closed - with AMD A10-4600M (AM4600DEC44HJ) APU PNr°0810.jpg

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! rowspan="3" | Model

! colspan=4 | CPU

! colspan=4 | GPU

! rowspan="3" | TDP

(W)

! rowspan="3" | DDR3

Memory

! rowspan="3" | Socket

rowspan="2" |[Modules/FPUs]

Cores/threads

! colspan="2" |Freq.(GHz)

! rowspan="2" |L2

Cache

(MB)

! rowspan="2" |Model

! rowspan="2" |Config

! colspan="2" |Freq.(GHz)

Base

! Turbo

! Base

! Turbo

A10-5750M

| rowspan="4" | [2]4

| 2.5

| 3.5

| rowspan="4" | 2×

2MB

| HD 8650G

| rowspan="2" | 384:24:8

| 533

| 720

| rowspan="8" | 35

| rowspan="4" | 1866

| rowspan="8" | FS1r2

A10-4600M

| 2.3

| 3.2

| HD 7660G

| 496

| 685

A8-5550M

| 2.1

| 3.1

| HD 8550G

| rowspan="2" | 256:16:8

| 554

| 720

A8-4500M

| 1.9

| 2.8

| HD 7640G

| 496

| 685

A6-5350M

| rowspan="4" | [1]2

| 2.9

| 3.5

| rowspan="4" | 1

| HD 8450G

| rowspan="2" | 192:12:4

| 533

| 720

| rowspan="4" | 1600

A6-4400M

| rowspan="2" | 2.7

| 3.2

| HD 7520G

| 496

| 685

A4-5150M

| 3.3

| HD 8350G

| rowspan="2" | 128:8:4

| 514

| 720

A4-4300M

| 2.5

| 3.0

| HD 7420G

| 480

| 655

colspan="12" |
A10-5757M

| rowspan="6" | [2]4

| 2.5

| 3.5

| rowspan="6" | 2×

2MB

| HD 8650G

| rowspan="6" | 384:24:8

| rowspan="2" | 533

| 720

| 35

| 1600

| rowspan="11" | FP2(BGA)

A10-5745M

| 2.1

| 2.9

| HD 8610G

| 626

| rowspan="2" | 25

| rowspan="2" | 1333

A10-4655M

| 2.0

| 2.8

| HD 7620G

| 360

| 496

A8-5557M

| 2.1

| 3.1

| HD 8550G

| 515

| 720

| 35

| 1600

A8-5545M

| 1.7

| 2.7

| HD 8510G

| 450

| 554

| rowspan="2" | 19

| rowspan="2" | 1333

A8-4555M

| 1.6

| 2.4

| HD 7600G

| 320

| 424

A6-5357M

| rowspan="5" | [1]2

| 2.9

| 3.5

| rowspan="5" | 1

| HD 8450G

| rowspan="2" | 192:12:4

| 533

| 720

| 35

| 1600

A6-5345M

| 2.2

| 2.8

| HD 8410G

| 450

| 600

| rowspan="4" | 17

| rowspan="4" | 1333

A6-4455M

| 2.1

| rowspan="2" | 2.6

| HD 7500G

| 256:16:8

| 327

| 424

A4-5145M

| 2.0

| HD 8310G

| rowspan="2" | 192:12:4

| 424

| 544

A4-4355M

| 1.9

| 2.4

| HD 7400G

| 327

| 424

= Server =

Some Opteron 32 nm processors.

History

= Komodo platform =

Leaked roadmaps showed Piledriver CPUs featuring up to ten cores as part of the Komodo platform. Komodo was to launch in 2012 on the FM2 socket, but this never happened. AMD kept the AM3+ socket for the FX series and put the Piledriver-based APUs on FM2.{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/2011/07/26/amds-10-core-piledriver-chips-revealed/ |title=AMD's 10 core Piledriver chips revealed | Tech, Tech News |publisher=PC Gamer |date=2011-07-26 |access-date=2013-10-23}}

= FX-series, Athlon and Opteron =

In 2010{{citation |url=http://blogs.amd.com/press/2010/11/09/amd-financial-analyst-day-2010-press-kit/ |title=AMD financial analyst day 2010 press kit |publisher=Blogs.amd.com |access-date=2012-01-23}} AMD revealed that the 2nd generation was scheduled for 2012; AMD referred to this generation as Enhanced Bulldozer. This later generation of Bulldozer core was codenamed Piledriver.

  • Vishera FX-series CPU – Desktop Performance market (Volan platform):{{citation |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20110906193303_AMD_Cancels_Next_Gen_Komodo_Processor_Corona_Platform_in_Favour_of_New_Chips.html |title=AMD Cancels Next-Gen Komodo Processor, Corona Platform in Favour of New Chips |publisher=X-bit labs |date=2012-01-19 |access-date=2012-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112153622/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20110906193303_AMD_Cancels_Next_Gen_Komodo_Processor_Corona_Platform_in_Favour_of_New_Chips.html |archive-date=2012-01-12}} This FX-series aimed at 95–220 W TDP features 4, 6 and 8 Piledriver core CPU models; with Turbo Core 3.0 while using the existing Socket AM3+ format and 900 series motherboard chipsets of the 1st generation FX-series Zambezi processor. The 2nd generation FX-series was released on 23 October 2012 with the FX-8350, FX-8320, FX-6300 and FX-4300 CPU models. The FX-8350 featured slightly improved power consumption and was found to be approximately 15% more powerful than the fastest Bulldozer CPU. The 2nd generation FX-series was praised for its affordability. The FX 8320 was recognized as a price/performance winner, often matching Intel's i7 2600 at half the cost.{{cite web |url=http://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=Intel+Core+i7-2600+%40+3.40GHz |title=PassMark – Intel Core i7-2600 @ 3.40GHz – Price performance comparison |work=cpubenchmark.net |access-date=11 March 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=AMD+FX-8320+Eight-Core |title=PassMark - AMD FX-8320 Eight-Core - Price performance comparison|work=cpubenchmark.net |access-date=11 March 2015}} The Vishera CPUs competed well when compared to similarly priced Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs in multi-core-aware applications and somewhat underperform in overall efficiency and in tasks where most CPU cores were not fully utilized such as single-threaded applications and a number of games.{{cite web |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/amd-fx-8350.html |title=AMD FX-8350 Processor Review: Tuned-Up Bulldozer |author=Ilya Gavrichenkov |date=22 October 2012 |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107103501/http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/amd-fx-8350.html |archive-date=7 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.techpowerup.com/reviews/AMD/FX-8350_Piledriver_Review/ |title=AMD FX-8350 – "Piledriver" for AMD Socket AM3+ |date=23 October 2012 |access-date=21 September 2013}}

On June 11, 2013, AMD announced two additional FX-series eight Piledriver core CPUs, the FX-9590 and FX-9370, running at a maximum turbo speed of 5.0 GHz and 4.7 GHz respectively, making AMD the first company to ever release a 5 GHz CPU commercially.{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/11/amd-5gz-fx-chips/ |title=AMD wins race to 5GHz CPU clock speed, in which it was the sole participant |author=Sharif Sakr |date=11 June 2013 |access-date=21 September 2013}} AMD specify that the 9xxx series processors require "robust liquid cooling" due to their high Thermal Design Power (TDP){{cite web |url=https://www.amd.com/en-gb/products/processors/desktop/fx# |title=AMD FX Processors |access-date=10 February 2018}}

  • Trinity & Richland Athlon series CPU – Desktop Budget market: Socket FM2 Athlon X4 730, 740, 750K and 760k CPU models feature the four Piledriver core Trinity microarchitecture but lack on-chip integrated graphics. Athlon X2 340 is dual core model.{{cite web|url=http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bulldozer/AMD-Athlon%20II%20X4%20750K.html|title=AMD Athlon X4 750K - AD750KWOA44HJ / AD750KWOHJBOX|work=cpu-world.com|access-date=11 March 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bulldozer/AMD-Athlon%20X2%20340%20-%20AD340XOKA23HJ.html |title=AMD Athlon X2 340 - AD340XOKA23HJ / AD340XOKHJBOX |publisher=Cpu-world.com |access-date=2013-10-23}}{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/AMD-Lists-Athlon-II-X4-700-Series-Trinity-Processors-296834.shtml|title=AMD Lists Athlon II X4 700-Series Trinity Processors|author=Sebastian Pop|date=4 October 2012|work=softpedia|access-date=11 March 2015}} Socket FM2 Richland based Athlon X4 760K and Athlon X2 370K CPUs, both with no GPU and four and dual cores respectively were expected.{{cite web |url=http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bulldozer/AMD-Athlon%20X2%20370K%20-%20AD370KOKA23HL%20-%20AD370KOKHLBOX.html |title=AMD Athlon X2 370K - AD370KOKA23HL / AD370KOKHLBOX |publisher=Cpu-world.com |access-date=2013-10-23}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bulldozer/AMD-Athlon%20X4%20760K%20-%20AD760KWOA44HL%20-%20AD760KWOHLBOX.html |title=AMD Athlon X4 760K - AD760KWOA44HL / AD760KWOHLBOX |publisher=Cpu-world.com |access-date=2013-10-23}}

For the server market, three versions were stated to be under development:{{cite web |url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTI1MTM5fENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0z&t=1 |title=Consumerization, Cloud, Convergence. |first=Lisa |last=Su |date=2012-02-02 |work=AMD 2012 Financial Analyst Day |publisher=Advanced Micro Devices |location=Sunnyvale, California |page=25 |format=PDF |access-date=2012-02-04}}

  • Web serving, Web hosting, and Microserver platform (1 CPU) market: Opteron 3200-series (Zurich; 4 or 8 cores) was to be replaced by Delhi (4 or 8 cores) using the Socket AM3+ format from the Desktop FX-series line. The memory controller was to support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
  • Cost/energy efficient server (1 to 2 CPUs) market: Opteron 4200-series (Valencia; 6 or 8 cores) was to be replaced by Seoul (6 or 8 cores). Seoul would continue to use the Socket C32 format. The memory controller would support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
  • Enterprise/mainstream server (2 to 4 CPUs) market: Opteron 6200-series (Interlagos; 4, 8, 12, and 16 cores) was to be replaced by Abu Dhabi (4, 8, 12, and 16 cores)). Abu Dhabi will continue to use the Socket G34. The memory controller would support quad-channel DDR3 memory configuration.

= APU lines<span class="anchor" id="TRINITY"></span>=

  • Trinity A-series APU – Desktop Budget and Mainstream market (Virgo platform):{{cite web|url=http://www.cpu-world.com/Cores/Trinity.html|title=AMD Trinity core|work=cpu-world.com|access-date=11 March 2015}} The Stars-based Llano Socket FM1 APU line replacements are the 2 and 4 Piledriver core Socket FM2 Trinity Fusion APUs. The A10-5800K, A10-5700, A8-5600K, A8-5500, A6-5400K and A4-5300 APU models were released on 2 October 2012.{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/press-release-2012oct2.aspx|title=AMD Newsroom|work=amd.com|access-date=11 March 2015}} Trinity processor model numbers ending with the letter "K" denote processors with an unlocked CPU multiplier. The Trinity APU line was praised for its superior integrated graphics performance but underperformed comparable Intel CPU models in most computationally intensive tasks.{{Cite web |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/amd-a10-5800k.html |title=AMD Trinity for Desktops. Part 2: Socket FM2 Platform and AMD A10-5800K Processor Review - X-bit labs |access-date=2013-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402195438/http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/amd-a10-5800k.html |archive-date=2013-04-02 |url-status=dead}}
  • Trinity A-series APU – Notebook Mainstream and Performance market (Comal platform): Notebook computers featuring Trinity APUs shipped as early as June 2012.{{cite web|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/a10-5800k-a8-5600k-a6-5400k,3224.html|title=AMD Trinity On The Desktop: A10, A8, And A6 Get Benchmarked!|author=Chris Angelini|work=Tom's Hardware|access-date=11 March 2015}} The mobile Trinity series features four APUs: A10-4600M, A8-4500M, A6-4400M and A4-4300M. In March 2013, AMD announced two more mobile models: A8-4557M and A10-4657M.{{cite web|url=http://www.fudzilla.com/home/item/30811-amd-lists-two-new-trinity-based-mobile-apus|title=AMD lists two new Trinity based mobile APUs|author=Fudzilla staff|work=fudzilla.com|access-date=11 March 2015}}

In January 2013, AMD officially introduced a new series of APUs codenamed Richland.{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/amd_unveils_new_apus.aspx|title=AMD Newsroom|work=amd.com|access-date=11 March 2015}} The series features six new APUs in total. The fastest model, the A10-6800K, featured two Piledriver modules operating at 4.1 GHz and 4.4 GHz in turbo mode and an integrated HD 8670D GPU with 384 stream processors operating at 844 MHz.{{cite web|url=http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bulldozer/AMD-A10-Series%20A10-6800K.html|title=AMD A10-Series A10-6800K - AD680KWOA44HL / AD680KWOHLBOX|work=cpu-world.com|access-date=11 March 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.fudzilla.com/home/item/30264-more-richland-details-leak-six-parts-confirmed |title=More Richland details leak, six parts confirmed |author=Peter Scott |work=fudzilla.com |access-date=11 March 2015}} Only the A10-6800K has official DDR3-2133 memory support.{{cite web |url=http://www.fudzilla.com/home/item/29933-top-richland-28nm-apu-is-a10-6800k |title=Top Richland 28nm APU is A10 6800K |author=Fuad Abazovic |work=fudzilla.com |access-date=11 March 2015}} The A10-6800K offered approximately 5% performance improvements in performance applications and 3D games over its A10-5800K Trinity based predecessor, largely due to Richland's higher clock speeds and higher overclocking potential than Trinity. On March 12, 2013, AMD officially introduced four Richland mobile APUs.{{cite web |url=http://techreport.com/news/24482/amd-intros-35w-richland-mobile-apus |title=AMD intros 35W Richland mobile APUs |work=techreport.com |access-date=11 March 2015}} On June 4, 2013, AMD officially announced six Richland desktop APUs.{{cite web |url=http://sites.amd.com/us/promo/products/Pages/invincible.aspx |title=AMD A-SERIES APUs: Made for Combat. Ready for War |publisher=Sites.amd.com |date=2013-10-06 |access-date=2013-10-23}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cpu-world.com/news_2013/2013012601_Specifications_of_upcoming_Richland_APUs.html |title=Specifications of upcoming AMD Richland APUs |publisher=Cpu-world.com |access-date=2013-10-23}}

Performance

In January 2012, Microsoft released two hotfixes (2646060 and 2645594) for Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 that significantly improved the performance of Clustered Multi-Thread based AMD CPUs by improving thread scheduling.{{citation |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2645594/en |title=An update is available for computers that have an AMD FX, AMD Opteron 4200, AMD Opteron 6200, or AMD Bulldozer series processor installed and that are running Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 |publisher=support.microsoft.com |date=January 2012 |access-date=2014-02-11}}{{citation |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2646060/en |title=An update that selectively disables the Core Parking feature in Windows 7 or in Windows Server 2008 R2 is available |publisher=support.microsoft.com |date=January 2012 |access-date=2014-02-11}}

Windows 8 supports CMT-based CPUs out of the box by addressing each core as logical cores and modules as physical cores.

See also

References

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{AMD processors}}

{{AMD processor roadmap}}

Category:AMD x86 microprocessors

Category:AMD microarchitectures

Category:X86 microarchitectures