Pimelea trichostachya
{{Short description|Species of shrub}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Annual rice-flower
|image = Pimelea trichostachya detail.jpg
|image_caption = Flowers of Pimelea trichostachya near Bourke, New South Wales
|genus = Pimelea
|species = trichostachya
|authority = Lindl.{{cite web |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/70883 |website=Australian Plant Census |access-date = 20 October 2022}}
}}
File:Pimelea trichostachya habitus.jpg]]
Pimelea trichostachya, commonly known as annual riceflower, spiked riceflower{{cite web |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=5763 |publisher=Northern Territory Government |access-date=20 October 2022}} or flax weed,{{cite web |title=Understanding Pimelea Poisoning of Cattle |url=https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/74272/Understanding-pimelea-poisoning-of-cattle.pdf |publisher=Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries |access-date=20 October 2022}} is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to continental Australia. It is a slender, semi-woody, annual shrub with narrowly elliptic or linear leaves and densely hairy, white or yellow flowers and green, purple-tinged fruit. It is toxic to livestock.
Description
Pimelea trichostachya is a slender, erect, sem-woody annual shrub that typically grows to a height of up to {{cvt|75|cm}} and has hairy stems. The leaves are arranged alternately and are narrowly elliptic or linear, {{cvt|4–19|mm}} long and {{cvt|0.5–5|mm}} wide. The leaves are glabrous or sparsely hairy. The flowers are arranged in head-like spikes about {{cvt|10|mm}} long and wide, on the ends of branchlets on a peduncle up to {{cvt|19|mm}} long, each flower on a hairy pedicel. The flowers are bisexual, white or yellow and densely covered with long, spreading hairs. Flowering occurs in most months with a peak from August to December and the fruit is green with a purplish tinge and about {{cvt|3|mm}} long.{{cite web |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/ec4b4fea-d2e1-4f27-9265-9beefbdd3f68 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=19 July 2022}}{{cite web |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Pimelea%20trichostachya |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra |access-date=20 October 2022}}{{cite web |title=Pimelae trichostachya |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Pimelea_trichostachya |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |access-date=20 October 2022}}{{FloraBase|name=Pimelea trichostachya|id=5271}}{{cite web |last1=Harden |first1=Gwen J. |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Pimelea~trichostachya |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=20 October 2022}}
Taxonomy
Pimelea trichostachya was first formally described in 1848 by John Lindley in Thomas Mitchell's Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia.{{cite web |title=Pimelea trichostachya |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/25170 |website=Australian Plant Name Index |accessdate=20 October 2022}}{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Thomas Livingstone|title=Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia|date=1848|location=Sydney|page=355|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9943/9943-h/9943-h.htm|accessdate=20 October 2022}} The specific epithet (trichostachya) means "hairy flower-spike".{{cite book |last1=Sharr |first1=Francis Aubi |last2=George |first2=Alex |title=Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, WA |isbn=9780958034180 |edition=3rd|page=326}}
Distribution
Annual rice-flower mainly grows in deep sand im mallee and occurs in all mainland states and the Northern Territory, but is absent from most of the north of the country, from the east and west coasts and from most of Victoria.
Effect on livestock
Pimelea trichostachya, along with P. simplex and P. elongata, is toxic to stock. The first cases of "St George disease" were reported in Queensland in 1921, but it was not until 1960 that pimelea poisoning was identified as the cause. Symptoms of poisoning in cattle include fluid swellings, mostly under the jaw, diarrhoea and weight loss. Horses and sheep are also susceptible.{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Alys |title=Queensland cattle graziers predict 'horrific' cattle deaths as toxic pimelea booms |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2022-10-20/cattle-graziers-expect-horrific-pimelea-toxicity-deaths/101547534 |access-date=20 October 2022 |publisher=ABC News}}