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Pimplinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of wasps}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Tromatobia.ovivora.-.lindsey.jpg

| image_caption = Apechthis rufata

| taxon = Pimplinae

| authority = Wesmael, 1845

}}

Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.

Pimplinae are parasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders. Those species that parasitize eggs are ectoparasitic idiobionts. Females perforate the silk of the egg sacs and lay their egg(s) directly onto the surface of the eggs within them. After hatching, the parasitoid larvae feed externally on the eggs and kill most of the eggs in the process.

Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle anterior to the middle.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

List of genera

There are 72 genera of Pimplinae listed below.

=Tribe [[Delomeristini]] <small>Hellén, 1915</small>=

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=Tribe [[Ephialtini]] <small>Hellén, 1915</small>=

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==''Pseudopimpla'' genus-group==

==''Alophosternum'' genus-group==

==''Camptotypus'' genus-group==

==''Ephialtes'' genus-group==

==''Polysphincta'' genus-group==

==''Tromatobia'' genus-group==

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=Tribe [[Pimplini]] <small>Wesmael, 1845</small>=

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=Tribe [[Theroniini]] <small>Cushman & Rohwer, 1920</small>=

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Gallery

File:Parasite170127-fig 2A (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg|Brachyzapus nikkoensis depositing egg on a spider

File:Parasite170127-fig 2B (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg|Zatypota albicoxa depositing egg on a spider

File:Ichneumonidae - Pimpla cf. rufipes.jpg|Pimpla rufipes

File:Dolichomitus imperator Eiablage-02-R Bartz.jpg|Dolichomitus imperator

Scambus buolianae CNCHYM 09787.jpg|Scambus buolianae

2018 08 20 Schlupfwespe.jpg|Exeristes roborator

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite journal |last=Oehlke |first=J. |date=1967 |title= Westpaläarktische Ichneumonidae 1, Ephialtinae |journal=Hymenopterorum Catalogus (new edition) |volume=2 |pages=1-49}}

{{cite journal |last=Townes |first= Henry K. |date=1969 |title=Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1 (Ephialtinae (Pimplinae), Tryphoninae, Labiinae, Adelognathinae, Xoridinae, Agriotypinae) |journal=Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute |volume=11 |pages=1-300}}

{{cite web |first=Gavin |last=Broad |date=2006 |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090530010136/http://www.brc.ac.uk/downloads/Ichneumonidae_subfamily_key.pdf |title=Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae |location= London |publisher= Natural History Museum |pages=1-38}}

{{cite journal| last1=Takasuka| first1=Keizo| last2=Fritzén| first2=Niclas R.| last3=Tanaka |first3=Yoshihiro |last4=Matsumoto |first4=Rikio |last5=Maeto |first5=Kaoru |last6=Shaw |first6=Mark R. |title=The changing use of the ovipositor in host shifts by ichneumonid ectoparasitoids of spiders (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) |journal=Parasite |volume=25 |year=2018 |pages=17 |issn=1776-1042 |doi=10.1051/parasite/2018011|pmid=29589827 |pmc=5873220}} {{open access}}

{{Cite journal |last1=Fei |first1=Minghui |last2=Gols |first2=Rieta |last3=Harvey |first3=Jeffrey A. |date=2023-01-23 |title=The Biology and Ecology of Parasitoid Wasps of Predatory Arthropods |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-111607 |pmid=36198401 |s2cid=252736581 |issn=0066-4170|doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11755/8f020f3d-b12d-4d23-8c07-eae6302721b8 |hdl-access=free }}

{{cite journal |last1=Klopfstein |first1=Seraina |last2=Langille |first2=Barbara |last3=Spasojevic |first3=Tamara |last4=Broad |first4=Gavin R. |last5=Cooper |first5=J. B. |last6=Austin |first6=Andrew D. |last7=Niehuis |first7=Oliver |date=2018 |title=Hybrid capture data unravel a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes) |journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=361-383 |doi=10.1111/syen.12333}}

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External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080610150454/http://bitkikorumamuzesi.netfirms.com/ichneumonidae_anahtar.htm#pimplinae Diagnostic characters]
  • [http://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/Ichneumonidae/Pimplinae/index.htm Waspweb]
  • [http://ponent.atspace.org/fauna/ins/fam/ichneumonidae/pimplinae_pim.htm Ponent] Images (in easy Spanish)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101021045815/http://hol.osu.edu/ Hymenoptera Online (HOL)]
  • {{cite web |last=Yu |first=Dicky Sick Ki |url=http://www.taxapad.com/local.php?taxonidLC=90177541 |title=Pimplinae Wesmael 1845 |website=Home of Ichneumonoidea |publisher=Taxapad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325012625/http://www.taxapad.com/local.php?taxonidLC=90177541 |archive-date=25 March 2016}}
  • [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=27814 Taxonomicon]

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Category:Apocrita subfamilies

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