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Pimplinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of wasps}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Tromatobia.ovivora.-.lindsey.jpg

| image_caption = Tromatobia ovivora

| taxon = Pimplinae

| authority = Wesmael, 1845

}}

Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.Oehlke J. (1967): Westpaläarktische Ichneumonidae 1, Ephialtinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (new edition) 2: 1-49.Townes, H.K. (1969a): Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1 (Ephialtinae (Pimplinae), Tryphoninae, Labiinae, Adelognathinae, Xoridinae, Agriotypinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 11: 1-300.Gavin Broad (1966) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090530010136/http://www.brc.ac.uk/downloads/Ichneumonidae_subfamily_key.pdf Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae]

Pimplinae are parasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders.{{cite journal|last1=Takasuka|first1=Keizo|last2=Fritzén|first2=Niclas R.|last3=Tanaka|first3=Yoshihiro|last4=Matsumoto|first4=Rikio|last5=Maeto|first5=Kaoru|last6=Shaw|first6=Mark R.|title=The changing use of the ovipositor in host shifts by ichneumonid ectoparasitoids of spiders (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)|journal=Parasite|volume=25|year=2018|pages=17|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2018011|pmid=29589827 |url= |pmc=5873220}} {{open access}} Those species that parasitize eggs are ectoparasitic idiobionts. Females perforate the silk of the egg sacs and lay their egg(s) directly onto the surface of the eggs within them. After hatching, the parasitoid larvae feed externally on the eggs and kill most of the eggs in the process. {{Cite journal |last1=Fei |first1=Minghui |last2=Gols |first2=Rieta |last3=Harvey |first3=Jeffrey A. |date=2023-01-23 |title=The Biology and Ecology of Parasitoid Wasps of Predatory Arthropods |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-111607 |pmid=36198401 |s2cid=252736581 |issn=0066-4170|doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11755/8f020f3d-b12d-4d23-8c07-eae6302721b8 |hdl-access=free }}

Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle anterior to the middle.

There are 95 genera listed below.

List of genera

Delomeristini Hellén, 1915

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Ephialtini Hellén, 1915

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Pimplini Wesmael, 1845

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Theroniini Cushman & Rohwer, 1920

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Gallery

File:Parasite170127-fig 2A (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg|Brachyzapus nikkoensis depositing egg on a spider

File:Parasite170127-fig 2B (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg|Zatypota albicoxa depositing egg on a spider

File:Ichneumonidae - Pimpla cf. rufipes.jpg|Pimpla cf. rufipes

File:Dolichomitus imperator Eiablage-02-R Bartz.jpg|Dolichomitus imperator

File:Scambus.buolianae2.-.lindsey.jpg|Scambus buolianae

File:Acropimpla.pictipes.-.lindsey.jpg|Acropimpla.pictipes

File:Exeristes.roborator2.-.lindsey.jpg|Exeristes roborator

References

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External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080610150454/http://bitkikorumamuzesi.netfirms.com/ichneumonidae_anahtar.htm#pimplinae Diagnostic characters]
  • [http://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/Ichneumonidae/Pimplinae/index.htm Waspweb]
  • [http://ponent.atspace.org/fauna/ins/fam/ichneumonidae/pimplinae_pim.htm Ponent] Images (in easy Spanish)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101021045815/http://hol.osu.edu/ Hymenoptera Online (HOL)]
  • {{cite web |last=Yu |first=Dicky Sick Ki |url=http://www.taxapad.com/local.php?taxonidLC=90177541 |title=Pimplinae Wesmael 1845 |website=Home of Ichneumonoidea |publisher=Taxapad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325012625/http://www.taxapad.com/local.php?taxonidLC=90177541 |archive-date=25 March 2016}}
  • [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=27814 Taxonomicon]

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Category:Apocrita subfamilies

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