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Pinjor Formation

{{short description|Geologic formation in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Pinjor Formation

| image =

| caption =

| type = Geological formation

| age = Pleistocene
~{{fossil range|2.28|1.6}}Pleistocene

| period = Pleistocene

| prilithology =

| otherlithology =

| namedfor =

| namedby =

| region = Hariyana, Punjab India, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab Pakistan, Chandigarh

| country = {{flag|India}}

| coordinates = {{coord|30.7|N|76.8|E|display=inline,title}}

| paleocoordinates = {{coord|29.2|N|77.3|E|display=inline}}

| unitof =

| subunits =

| underlies = Tatrot Formation

| overlies =

| thickness =

| extent =

| area =

| map = {{Location map+ | India

| relief = 1

| width = 250

| float = center

| places =

{{Location map~ | India

| lat_deg = 30.7

| lon_deg = 76.8

| mark = Cyan pog.svg

| marksize = 10

}}

}}

| map_caption =

}}

The Pinjor Formation is a Cenozoic geologic formation in India. The fossils of large crocodilians and mammals have been recovered from the formation.{{cite journal |last1=V. Kumaravel |first1=S. J. Sangode |last2=Rohtash Kumar |first2=N. Siva Siddaiah |year=2005 |title=Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Plio–Pleistocene Pinjor Formation (type locality), Siwalik Group, NW Himalaya, India |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad184 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110713 |url-access=subscription }}

Paleobiota

= Reptiles =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Reptiles from the Pinjor Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImages
Rhamphosuchus{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=J. E. |year=2018 |title=The taxonomic content of the genus Gavialis from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=483–497 |language=en|doi=10.1002/spp2.1247|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02123647/file/2019Gavialis.pdf }}

| R. crassidens

| piece of rostrum, middle portion of craniurns, hind portion of mandibular symphysis, quadrate and quadratojugal, partial mandibular symphysis, several vertebrae, left ilium, small left ilium, right fibula, and several scute.

| Chandigarh

| A large gharial

| File:Rhamphosuchus crassidens.jpg

rowspan="3" | Gavialis

| G. browni

| rowspan="3" |

| rowspan="3" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="3" | Gharials

| rowspan="3" | File:Gharial.jpg

G. gangeticus
G. sp.
rowspan="3" | Crocodylus

| C. palustris

| rowspan="3" |

| rowspan="3" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="3" | Mugger crocodiles

| rowspan="3" | File:PK Kirthar NP asv2020-02 img25.jpg

C. biporcatus
C. palaeoindicus
Varanus{{cite journal |last1=Hocknull |first1=Scott |last2=Piper |first2=Philip |last3=Van den Bergh |first3=Gert |last4=Due |first4=Rokus |last5=Morwood |first5=Michael |last6=Kurniawan |first6=Iwan |year=2009 |title=Dragon's Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=e7241 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007241|doi-access=free |pmid=19789642 |pmc=2748693 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7241H |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26856417}}

| V. sivalensis

| Distal end of right humerus and dorsal vertebrae

| Chandigarh

| A large monitor lizard similar to the Komodo dragon

| File:VaranusSivalensis.png

Omegachelys

| O. sahnii

|

| Uttar Pradesh,

Himachal Pradesh

| An emydid turtle

|

Geoclemys

| G. hamiltonii

|

| Uttar Pradesh

| A geoemydid turtle

| File:Geoclemys hamiltonii Biswanath 01.jpg

Hardella

| H. thurjii

|

| Uttar Pradesh

| A geoemydidae turtle

| File:Hardella thurjii Hardwicke.jpg

Megalochelys

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A tortoise

| File:Colossochelys atlas.jpg

= Mammals =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Mammals from the Pinjor Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImages
rowspan="4" | Elephas

| E. maximus

| rowspan="4" |

| rowspan="4" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="4" | Asian elephants

| rowspan="4" | File:Asian Elephant tusker 03.jpg

E. hysudricus
E. planifrons
E. platycephalus
rowspan="2" | Mus

| M. linnaeusi

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | A rat

| rowspan="2" |

M. flynni
rowspan="2" | Tatera

| T. pinjoricus

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | A gerbil

| rowspan="2" |

T. sp.
Punjabitherium

| P. platyrhinum

|

| Punjab

| A rhinoceros

|

Sivatherium

| S. giganteum

|

| Chandigarh

| A giraffoid

| 240px

Coelodonta

| C. platyrhinus

|

| Chandigarh

| A woolly rhinoceros

| 240px

Camelus

| C. sivalensis{{cite book| publisher = R. Hardwicke| last = Falconer| first = Hugh| title = Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis| year = 1868| page = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ/page/n274 231]| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ}}

|

| Chandigarh

| A camel

|

rowspan="2" | Stegodon

| S. bombifrons

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | A stegodontid

| rowspan="2" |

S. insignis
Vishnuictis

| V. durandi

|

| Chandigarh

| A large viverrid

|

Enhydriodon

| E. sivalensis

|

| Himachal Pradesh

| A large otter

|

Crocidura

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A shrew

|

Golunda

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A murine rodent

|

Bandicota

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A murid rodent

|

Cremnomys

| C. blanfordi

|

| Chandigarh

| A rodent

|

Crocidura

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A murid rodent

|

Dilatomys

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A murid rodent

|

rowspan="2" | Canis

| ''C. pinjorensis

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | A wolf

| rowspan="2" |

C. cautleys
rowspan="2" | Megantereon

| M. falconeri

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | A smilodont

| rowspan="2" | 240px

M. palaeindicus
Viverra

| V. bakeri

|

| Chandigarh

| A civet

|

rowspan="2" | Amblonyx

| A. indicus

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | Chandigarh

| rowspan="2" | An otter

| rowspan="2" |

sp.
Panthera

| P. cristata

|

| Chandigarh

| A panther

|

Agriotherium

| A. sivalensis

|

| Chandigarh

| A bear

|

Mellivora

| M. sivalensis

|

|Chandigarh

|A Honey badger

|

rowspan="3" | Crocuta

| C. sivalensis

| rowspan="3" |

| rowspan="3" |Chandigarh

| rowspan="3" |A Hyena

| rowspan="3" |

C. felina
C. colvini

= Crustaceans =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Crustaceans from the Pinjor Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImages
Potamon

| sp.

|

| Chandigarh

| A crab

|

References

{{Reflist}}

Category:Geologic formations