Pipturus albidus
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Māmaki
|image = Starr_030405-0099_Pipturus_albidus.jpg
|genus = Pipturus
|species = albidus
|authority = (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray ex H.Mann
}}
Pipturus albidus, known as māmaki (sometimes waimea, for its resemblance to olomea{{cite web
|url = http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20121214175313/http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 2012-12-14
|title = Hawaiian-English Dictionary
|publisher = University of Hawaii Press
|year = 2003
|access-date = 2011-10-12
}}) in Hawaiian and known as Waimea pipturus in English,{{PLANTS|id=PIAL2|taxon=Pipturus albidus|accessdate=6 October 2015}} is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawai{{okina}}i. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of {{convert|60|–|1830|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Māmaki is a small tree that reaches a height of {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |title=Mamaki |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=United States Forest Service |year=1989 |access-date=2009-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064939/http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 |url-status=dead }}
Uses
=Medicinal=
Native Hawaiians made a treatment for illnesses known as {{okina}}ea and pā{{okina}}ao{{okina}}ao from the fruit.
{{cite web |url=http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=mamaki |title=mamaki, mamake, waimea (P. albidus on Kauai & P. ruber) |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database |publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum |access-date=2024-04-17 }} They also combined fresh māmaki leaves with hot stones and spring water to produce herbal tea that was an effective treatment for general debility. Tea made from the leaves of this plant have antiviral properties, antibacterial properties, and antioxidants such as catechins, chlorogenic acid, and rutin{{Cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Alanna |last2=Kondratyuk |first2=Tamara |last3=Wongwiwatthananukit |first3=Supakit |last4=Sun |first4=Dianqing |last5=Chang |first5=Leng Chee |date=March 2022 |title=Investigation of Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Chemopreventive Properties of Hawaiian Grown Māmaki tea ( Pipturus albidus ) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X221080945 |journal=Natural Product Communications |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/1934578X221080945 |issn=1934-578X|doi-access=free }} It also contains anticancer and chemopreventive properties. Today, packages of dried māmaki leaves are commercially produced.{{cite book |last=Krauss |first=Beatrice H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9pNKSsPTkC |title=Plants in Hawaiian Medicine |author2=Martha Noyes |publisher=Bess Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-57306-128-5 |pages=85–88 |author-link=Beatrice Krauss}}
=Non-medicinal=
The bast fibres were used by Native Hawaiians to make kapa (bark cloth) and kaula (rope).
Ecology
Pipturus albidus is known to attract the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea) and Koa butterfly (Udara blackburni) as its nectar is sweet.{{cite book |last=Scott |first=James A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oa5m8gZcGjMC |title=The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8047-2013-7 |page=399}}{{Cite web |title=Pipturus albidus |url=https://plantpono.org/pono-plants/pipturus-albidus-mamaki/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Plant Pono |language=en-US}} The Kamehameha butterfly eggs thrived on this plant in regard to both size and performance.{{Cite journal |last1=Bogner |first1=Kari K. |last2=Haines |first2=William P. |last3=Kim |first3=Jorma |last4=Drake |first4=Donald R. |last5=Barton |first5=Kasey E. |date=2024 |title=Endemic island plant–herbivore interactions: Kamehameha butterfly (Nymphalidae) and Hawaiian Urticaceae |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/btp.13292 |journal=Biotropica |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=149–161 |doi=10.1111/btp.13292 |issn=1744-7429|url-access=subscription }}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Pipturus albidus}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~eherring/hawnprop/pip-albi.htm |title=Pipturus albidus |work=Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |access-date=}}
{{Taxonbar |from=Q16988147}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Endemic flora of Hawaii
Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status
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{{rosid-tree-stub}}