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Plains Miwok language

{{Short description|Extinct Miwok language}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Plains Miwok

| states = United States

| ethnicity = Plains and Sierra Miwok

| extinct = late 1990s

| ref = e25

| familycolor = penutian

| fam1 = Yok-Utian

| fam2 = Utian

| fam3 = Miwokan

| fam4 = Eastern

| iso3 = pmw

| glotto = plai1259

| glottorefname = Plains Miwok

| region = California

}}

Plains Miwok, also known as Valley Miwok, was one of the Miwok languages spoken in central California by the Plains Miwok people. It was spoken in the deltas of the San Joaquin and Cosumnes Rivers. Plains Miwok was once one of the most populous Miwok languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Consonants

! colspan="2" |

!Bilabial

!Alveolar

!Post-
alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="2" |Plosive

!{{small|plain}}

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|tʃ}} {{grapheme|c}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}} {{grapheme|'}}

{{small|voiced}}

|{{IPA link|b}}{{efn|name=loanwords|Phonemes taken from Spanish loan words.}}

|{{IPA link|d}}{{efn|name=loanwords}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}{{efn|name=loanwords}}

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

colspan="2" |Tap

|

|{{IPA link|ɾ}} {{grapheme|r}}{{efn|name=loanwords}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}} {{grapheme|j}}

|

|

{{notelist}}

Allophones of /b tʃ ɡ n s/ include [β ts ɣ ŋ ʂ].{{sfn|Callaghan|1984}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|ɨ}} {{grapheme|y}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

Open

|

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{Cite book

|last=Callaghan |first=Catherine A.

|year=1984

|title=Plains Miwok Dictionary

|series=University of California Publications in Linguistics

|volume=105

|location=Berkeley

|publisher=University of California Press

}}

  • Plains Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA008. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".

External links

  • [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/languages/plains-miwok.php Plains Miwok at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140204010007/http://cla.berkeley.edu/language/5760 Plains Miwok], California Language Archive
  • [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\pen\miw&limit=-1 Plains Miwok basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]
  • [http://www.language-archives.org/language/pmw OLAC resources in and about the Plains Miwok language]

{{Languages of California}}{{Penutian languages}}{{Miwok}}

Category:Miwok languages

Category:Extinct languages of North America

Category:Plains and Sierra Miwok

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