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Plenasium

{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| oldest_fossil = Early Cretaceous

| image = Osmunda vachelii.jpg|

| image_caption = Plenasium vachellii (syn. Osmunda vachellii) in the Shing Mun Arboretum, Hong Kong

| taxon = Plenasium

| authority = C.Presl

| type_species = Plenasium banksiifolium

| type_species_authority = (Presl) Presl

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

| synonyms =

  • Aurealcaulis Tidwell & Parker 1987
  • ×Osmunasium Liu, Schuettpelz & H.Schneid. 2020

}}

Plenasium is a genus of ferns in the family Osmundaceae. It is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but kept within a more broadly circumscribed genus Osmunda by other sources. The genus is known from Early Cretaceous to present.{{Cite journal|last1=Bomfleur|first1=Benjamin|last2=Grimm|first2=Guido W.|last3=McLoughlin|first3=Stephen|date=2017-07-11|title=The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=5|pages=e3433|pmid=28713650|doi=10.7717/peerj.3433|pmc=5508817|issn=2167-8359 |doi-access=free }}

Taxonomy

{{As of|2019|October}}, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following four species:

Phylogeny of Plenasium{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261) |access-date=1 May 2025}}

{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%;width:400px

|1={{clade

|1=Plenasium angustifolium (Ching) A.E.Bobrov

|2={{Clade

|1=×Osmunasium ×mildei (Christensen) Liu, Schuettpelz & H.Schneid.

|2={{Clade

|1=Plenasium vachellii (Hook.) C.Presl

|2={{Clade

|1=Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl

|2=Plenasium javanicum (Blume) C.Presl

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

The following fossil species are also accepted.

  • †P. arnoldii (C.N.Mill. 1967) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
  • †P. bransonii (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
  • †P. burgii (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
  • †P. chandleri (Arnold 1952) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin
  • †P. crossii (Tidwell & L.R.Parker, 1987) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Paleocene: Wyoming, USA).
  • †P. dakotense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: South Dakota, USA).
  • †P. dowkeri (Carruthers 1870) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
  • †P. moorei (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
  • †P. nebraskense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
  • †P. (Aurealcaulis) elegans Hiller et al. 2019 (Eocene, Vietnam){{Cite journal|last1=Hiller|first1=P.|last2=Böhme|first2=M.|last3=Schneider|first3=S.|last4=Prieto|first4=J.|last5=Bomfleur|first5=B.|date=2020-04-17|title=Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae)|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=18|issue=8|pages=703–715|doi=10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771|bibcode=2020JSPal..18..703H |s2cid=209573114|issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription}}
  • †P. (Plenasium) xiei Cheng et al. 2019 (Late Cretaceous, Northeastern China){{Cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Ye-Ming|last2=Liu|first2=Feng-Xiang|last3=Tian|first3=Ning|last4=Jin|first4=Yue-Gao|last5=Sun|first5=Tong-Xing|date=2021|title=Plenasium xiei sp. nov. from the Cretaceous of Northeast China: Additional evidence for the longevity of osmundaceous ferns|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jse.12532|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|language=en|volume=59|issue=2|pages=375–387|doi=10.1111/jse.12532|s2cid=199634398|issn=1759-6831|url-access=subscription}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Citation |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date= August 2019 |contribution=Plenasium |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |at=Version 8.10 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |access-date=2019-10-01 |name-list-style=amp }}

{{citation |title=Plenasium C.Presl |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17177990-1 |access-date=2019-10-01 }}

{{citation |mode=cs1 |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free }}

}}

{{Plant classification}}

{{Fern classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q2498841}}

Category:Osmundales

Category:Fern genera

{{Polypodiidae-stub}}