Plumbate#Binary lead oxides
{{Short description|Salt having one of the several lead-containing oxoanions}}
{{about|plumbate(IV) salts|plumbate(II) salts|plumbite}}
In chemistry, a plumbate often refers to compounds that can be viewed as derivatives of the hypothetical {{chem2|PbO3(2-)}} anion.
Examples
=Halides=
Salts of {{chem2|([PbI3]−)_{n}|}}, {{chem2|[Pb6I16](4-)}}, {{chem2|[Pb18I44](8-)}}, etc. are labeled as iodoplumbates.{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/b009488i|title=Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Iodoplumbate Chains, Ribbons and Rods with New Structural Types|year=2001|last1= Krautscheid|first1=Harald|last2=Lode|first2=Christine|last3=Vielsack|first3=Frieder|last4= Vollmer|first4=Heike|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions|issue=7|pages=1099–1104}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/anie.199520351|title=[Pb18I44]8−–An Iodoplumbate with an Unusual Structure|year=1995|last1=Krautscheid|first1=Harald|last2=Vielsack|first2=Frieder|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English|volume=34|issue=18|pages=2035–2037}} Lead perovskite semiconductors are often described as plumbates.{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02893|title=Organohalide Lead Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications|year=2016|last1=Yusoff|first1=Abd. Rashid bin Mohd|last2=Nazeeruddin|first2=Mohammad Khaja|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters|volume=7|issue=5|pages=851–866|pmid=26885884|url=https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/125265 }}
=Lead oxyanions=
Plumbates are formed by the reaction of lead(IV) oxide, {{chem2|PbO2}}, with alkali.{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470132326.ch16|chapter=Lead Dioxide|year=1939|last1=Newell|first1=Lyman C.|last2=Maxson|title=Inorganic Syntheses |pages=45–47|volume=1}} Plumbate salts contain either the hydrated hexahydroxoplumbate(IV) or plumbate anion {{chem2|[Pb(OH)6](2-)}}, or the anhydrous anions {{chem2|PbO3(2-)}} (metaplumbate) or {{chem2|PbO4(4-)}} (orthoplumbate).{{cite book |title= Inorganic chemistry |author1= Egon Wiberg |author2= Nils Wiberg |author3= Arnold Frederick Holleman |publisher= Academic Press |year= 2001 |isbn= 0-12-352651-5 |page= 920}} For example, dissolving {{chem2|PbO2}} in a hot, concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide forms the potassium hexahydroxoplumbate(IV) salt {{chem2|K2[Pb(OH)6]}}. The anhydrous salts may be synthesized by heating metal oxides or hydroxides with {{chem2|PbO2}}.
The most widely discussed plumbates are derivatives of barium metaplumbate {{chem2|BaPbO3}}. When doped with some bismuth in place of lead, the material {{chem2|BaPb0.95Bi0.05O3}} exhibits superconductivity at 13 K.{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0038-1098(75)90327-0|title=High-Temperature Superconductivity in the BaPb1−xBixO3 Systems|year=1975|last1= Sleight|first1=A.W.|last2=Gillson|first2=J.L.|last3=Bierstedt|first3=P.E.|journal=Solid State Communications|volume=17|issue=1|pages=27–28|bibcode=1975SSCom..17...27S}} At the time of this discovery, oxides did not show such properties. The surprise associated with this work was eclipsed by the advent of the cuprate superconductors.
=Binary lead oxides=
Lead tetroxide ("red lead"), a valence-mixed oxide with formula {{chem2|Pb3O4}} (red), may be thought of as lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV), {{chem2|[Pb(2+)]2[PbO4(4-)]}}. Lead sesquioxide, {{chem2|Pb2O3}}, is also known (reddish yellow), and has the structure of lead(II) metaplumbate(IV), {{chem2|[Pb(2+)][PbO3(2-)]}}.
References
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External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080111154608/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/50.html National Pollutant Inventory - Lead and Lead Compounds Fact Sheet]
{{lead compounds}}