Pluralism in economics

The pluralism in economics movement is a campaign to change the teaching and research in economics towards more openness in its approaches, topics and standpoints it considers. The goal of the movement is to "reinvigorate the discipline ... [and bring] economics back into the service of society".{{Cite web|url=http://www.isipe.net/open-letter/|title=Open Letter|website=International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-03}} Some have argued that economics had greater scientific pluralism in the past compared to the monist approach that is prevalent today.

{{cite journal

| author = Hendrik P. Dalen

| title = Pluralism in Economics: A Public Good or a Public Bad?

| version = 03-034/1

| publisher = Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers

| date = 2003-05-11

}}

{{cite web

| title = Policy Implications of Post-Autistic Economics

| publisher = Post-Autistic Economics Network

| date = 2006-10-09

| url = http://www.paecon.net/PolicyImplications.htm

| access-date = 2007-05-25 }}

{{cite news

| last = Peter

| first = Monaghan

| title = Taking On 'Rational Man'

| newspaper = The Chronicle of Higher Education

| date = 2003-01-24

| url = http://www.public.iastate.edu/~c_r_p.484/postautistic.htm

| access-date = 2007-05-25 }} Pluralism encourages the inclusion of a wide variety of neoclassical and heterodox economic theories—including classical, Post-Keynesian, institutional, ecological, evolutionary, feminist, Marxist, and Austrian economics, stating that "each tradition of thought adds something unique and valuable to economic scholarship".

{{cite web

| title = ICAPE home

| publisher = International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics

| url = http://www.icape.org/

| access-date = 2007-05-25}}

History

Critics of mainstream economics have called for a reform of the discipline in the past. The movement for pluralism can therefore be traced to wider movements for progressive change in the 1960s and 1970s, with economists like Frank Stilwell and Steve Keen campaigning for pluralist and critical economics teaching at the University of Sydney in 1971.{{cite book |last1=Butler |first1=Gavan |last2=Jones |first2=Evan |last3=Stilwell |first3=Frank |date=2009 |title=Political Economy Now! The struggle for alternative economics at the University of Sydney | url = http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/sup/9781921364051}} In 1992, a petition organised by Geoffrey Hodgson, Uskali Mäki, and Deirdre McCloskey was published as a paid advertisement in The American Economic Review.{{cite web|author = FEED|title = The 1992 Plea for a Pluralistic and Rigorous Economics|url = http://www.feed-charity.org/new-page-3.htm|access-date = 2015-10-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180330005107/http://www.feed-charity.org/new-page-3.htm|archive-date = 2018-03-30|url-status = dead}} The petition described itself as a "plea for a pluralistic and rigorous economics" and was preceded by a commission of the American Economic Association entitled "Report by the Commission on Graduate Education"."A Plea for a Pluralistic and Rigorous Economics", American Economic Review, 82(2): xxv.Krueger, A.O. Arrow, K.J. et al (1991). "Report of the commission on graduate education in economics", Journal of Economic Literature, 29(3): 1035-1053. In 2000, students at the École Normale Supérieure protested and announced the creation of the post-autistic economics movement.{{cite book|last=Fullbrook|first=Edward|title=The Crisis in Economics: The post - autistic economics movement: the first 600 days|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415308984}}{{cite magazine

| last = Hayes

| first = Christopher

| title = The Hip Heterodoxy

| magazine = The Nation

| date = 2007-06-11

}}

Similarly, students at the University of Cambridge and University of Missouri-Kansas City organised petitions in 2001 and in 2011 the Cambridge Society for Economic Pluralism was formed to promote pluralist thinking and pushing for curriculum reform within the university.{{cite web

|author = The Cambridge 27

|title = Opening Up Economics

|publisher = Post-autistic Economics Newsletter

|url = http://www.btinternet.com/~pae_news/review/issue7.htm

|access-date = 2014-04-29

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://archive.today/20120630225115/http://www.btinternet.com/~pae_news/review/issue7.htm

|archive-date = 2012-06-30

}}

In 2009, the Foundation for European Economic Development (FEED) organised a plea for economic pluralism with over 2,000 signatures in the first month.{{cite web

| author = FEED

| title = Mistaking Mathematical Beauty for Economic Truth

| publisher = FEED

| url = http://www.feed-charity.org/revitalizing-economics-after-the-crash.htm

| access-date = 2014-04-30 }}

In addition, the first Volume of the International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education was founded and published along with the Handbook for Pluralist Economics Education.{{cite book

| author = Reardon, Jack

| title = The Handbook of Pluralist Economics Education

| publisher = Routledge

| url = https://www.routledge.com/The-Handbook-of-Pluralist-Economics-Education/Reardon/p/book/9780415777629

| access-date = 2017-06-26 }}

Economists Paul Krugman and Richard Layard organised a "Manifesto For Economic Sense" in 2012.

{{Cite news

| last = Safdar

| first = Khadeeja

| title = Paul Krugman Asks Economists To Sign 'Manifesto For Economic Sense'

| journal = Huffington Post

| date = 2012-06-28

| url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/28/paul-krugman-manifesto-for-economic-sense_n_1634312.html

| access-date = 2014-04-30 }}

The Post-Crash Economics Society Manchester published a petition in November 2013 and was involved in setting up Rethinking Economics.{{Cite web |url=http://www.post-crasheconomics.com/events-2/our-petition/ |title=Petition from Post-Crash Economics Society |access-date=2014-04-29 |archive-date=2014-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820041203/http://www.post-crasheconomics.com/events-2/our-petition/ |url-status=dead }} They also devised a course entitled "Bubbles, Panics and Crashes: an Introduction to Alternative Theories of Crisis", which the economic department rejected.{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Claire |date=8 April 2014 |title=Students' hopes dashed over 'crash' course in economics teaching |language=en-GB |website=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/07bc8b9e-bf1d-11e3-8683-00144feabdc0?siteedition=uk |url-access=subscription |access-date=2018-10-03}} Student groups in the United Kingdom published a draft manifesto in April 2014.{{Cite web|url=http://rethinkingeconomics.blogspot.com/2014/04/draft-manifesto-direction-for-reform-of.html|title=Rethinking Economics Blog: Manifesto: A direction for the reform of economics education|last=Economics|first=Rethinking|date=2014-04-04|website=Rethinking Economics Blog|access-date=2018-10-03}} On May 5, 2014, economics students from nineteen countries published an international student letter and formed the International Student Initiative for Pluralist Economics.{{Cite web|url=http://www.isipe.net/open-letter/|title=Open Letter|website=International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-03}} The students called for pluralism of theories and methods to provide economics students with an understanding of the broader social and moral implications of economic decisions.

{{cite web

| author = Claire Jones

| title = Economics students of the world, unite!

| publisher = Financial Times Money Supply Blog

| date = 2014-05-05

| url = http://blogs.ft.com/money-supply/2014/05/05/economics-students-of-the-world-unite/

| access-date = 2014-05-07 }}