Pluteus salicinus

{{Speciesbox

|image = 2011-11-12 Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm 181966.jpg

|genus = Pluteus

|species = salicinus

|authority = (Pers.) P.Kumm. (1871)

|synonyms_ref =

|synonyms = Agaricus salicinus Pers. (1798)

Rhodosporus salicinus (Pers.) J.Schröt. (1889)

}}

{{mycomorphbox

| name = Pluteus salicinus

| whichGills = free

| capShape = convex

| capShape2=flat

| hymeniumType=gills

| stipeCharacter=bare

| ecologicalType=saprotrophic

| sporePrintColor=pink

| howEdible=psychoactive

| howEdible2=edible}}

Pluteus salicinus is a European psychedelic mushroom that grows on wood. It is an edible mushroom after parboiling.

Taxonomy

The species was originally described by Christian Hendrik Persoon as Agaricus salicinus in 1798. Paul Kummer transferred it to the genus Pluteus in 1871.

Description

Cap: 2 — 5(8) cm in diameter, convex becoming broadly convex to plane, silver-gray to brownish-gray, often with blue or greenish tint in age, smooth, with tiny scales near the center, darker at the margin, slightly translucent-striate when moist, unlined cap margin, flesh white with a grayish tinge, thin to moderate. Cap skin fibrous.
Gills: Crowded, broad, free, at first white, becoming pink-flesh colored; ventricose. Edges discoloring or bruising grayish.
Stipe: 3 — 5(10) long, 0.2 — 0.6 cm thick, more or less equal or slightly swollen at the base, flesh white with grayish-green to bluish-green tones, especially near the base. Ring absent. Firm, full or stuffed.
Taste: Unpleasant, indefinite or somewhat raphanoid (like radish).
Odor: Unpleasant, indefinite or somewhat raphanoid.
Spores: pink, smooth, 7 — 8.5 x 5 - 6 μm. Spore print pink-flesh colored to brown-pink.
Microscopic features: Pleurocystidia fusiform with slightly thickened walls 50 — 70 x 11 — 18 μm; with 3 — 5 horn-like projections.

Habitat and distribution

This mushroom is widely distributed across western Europe and Siberia. It is found on hardwoods - Alnus, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Populus and Quercus.

It is always found growing on wood. Summer-fall, solitary or gregarious on dead wood of hardwoods, in damp forests on flood-plains.

Common name

The 'knackers crumpet' is a localised, common name referring to Pluteus salicinus. Its use is most prominent in the North of England.

Chemistry

The concentration of psilocybin and psilocin in the dried sample of P. salicinus has been reported in the range of 0.21-0.35 and 0.011-0.05%, respectively.

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |title=Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=22172&Fields=All |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |access-date=2012-08-07}}

{{Cite journal |url=http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/Reprints%20PDFs/PDFs_2014/justo-et-al-2014-pluteus.pdf |title=Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of Holarctic species of Pluteus section Pluteus (Agaricales: Pluteaceae), with description of twelve new species |volume=180 |date=2014 |journal=Phytotaxa |first1=Alfredo |last1=Justo |page=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.180.1.1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051701/http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/Reprints%20PDFs/PDFs_2014/justo-et-al-2014-pluteus.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Cite journal |url=http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/38(3)/PJB38(3)799.pdf |title=Chemical composition of some naturally growing and edible mushrooms |volume=38 |issue=3 |date=September 2006 |pages=799–804 |journal=Pakistan Journal of Botany|issn=0556-3321 |first1=Muhsin |last1=Konuk |first2=Ahmet |last2=Afyon |first3=Dursun |last3=Yağız}}

{{cite book |title=Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum Minus Cognitorum |year=1798 |volume=1 |pages=1–26 |publisher=Breitkopf-Haertel |location=Leipzig, Germany |language=la}}

{{cite book |author=Kummer P. |title=Der Führer in die Pilzkunde |year=1871 |publisher=C. Luppe |location=Zerbst, Germany |edition=1 |language=de |page=99}}

{{Cite journal

| last1 = Christiansen | first1 = A. L.

| last2 = Rasmussen | first2 = K. E.

| last3 = Høiland | first3 = K.

| doi = 10.1055/s-2007-969726

| title = Detection of psilocybin and psilocin in Norwegian species of Pluteus and Conocybe

| journal = Planta Medica

| volume = 50

| issue = 4

| pages = 341–343

|date=August 1984

| pmid = 17340325

}} {{closed access}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.1021/np50052a030

| last1 = Ohenoja | first1 = E.

| last2 = Jokiranta | first2 = J.

| last3 = Mäkinen | first3 = T.

| last4 = Kaikkonen | first4 = A.

| last5 = Airaksinen | first5 = M. M.

| title = The occurrence of psilocybin and psilocin in Finnish fungi

| journal = Journal of Natural Products

| volume = 50

| issue = 4

| pages = 741–744

|date=Jul–Aug 1987

| pmid = 3430170

}} {{closed access}}

}}

{{cite book | first=Paul | last=Stamets | year=1996 | title=Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World | publisher=Ten Speed Press | location=Berkeley | isbn=0-9610798-0-0}}