Poe Fire
{{Short description|2001 wildfire in Northern California}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox wildfire
|title=Poe Fire
|image=2001 Poe Fire map 1.png
|caption=The Poe Fire burned southeast of Paradise and north of Lake Oroville.
|alt=Refer to caption.
|location={{Unbulleted list|Butte County,|Northern California,|United States}}
|cost={{Unbulleted list|$11 million|(equivalent to about ${{Inflation|US-GDP|11|2001|fmt=c|r=1}} million in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}})}}
|area={{convert|8333|acre|ha sqmi km2|0}}
|coordinates={{coord|39|42|13|N|121|31|20|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|cause=Dead tree falling into power lines
|buildings=133+
|injuries=20+
|evacuated=
|pushpin_map=USA California
|pushpin_map_alt=Refer to caption.
|pushpin_map_caption=The Poe Fire burned in California's Butte County in the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada.
|date={{Unbulleted list|{{Start date|6|9}} – |{{End date|2001|9|12}}|({{duration in days|2001|9|6|2001|9|12}} days)}}
|fatalities=0}}
The 2001 Poe Fire was a destructive wildfire in Butte County, Northern California. After igniting on September 6, the fire burned {{convert|8333|acres|ha|abbr=in}} and destroyed at least 133 structures in the Big Bend and Yankee Hill areas north of Oroville before it was fully contained on September 12, 2001.{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2002 |title=2001 Large Fires, 300 Acres And Greater |url=http://www.fire.ca.gov/FireEmergencyResponse/HistoricalStatistics/PDF/LF2001LISA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804050616/http://www.fire.ca.gov/FireEmergencyResponse/HistoricalStatistics/PDF/LF2001LISA.pdf |archive-date=August 4, 2004 |website=California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection}} The fire was the most destructive incident of California's 2001 wildfire season.{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=CDF 2001 Fire Season Summary |url=http://fire.ca.gov/FireEmergencyResponse/HistoricalStatistics/PDF/2001summary.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030613130007/http://fire.ca.gov/FireEmergencyResponse/HistoricalStatistics/PDF/2001summary.pdf |archive-date=June 13, 2003 |access-date=January 9, 2023 |website=California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection}}
The fire started when a tree fell on a Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) power line, and a lawsuit against PG&E joined by more than a hundred plaintiffs was settled for several million dollars.
Background
On September 6, Butte County was under a red flag warning, a product issued by the National Weather Service for conditions supportive of dangerous wildfire spread. Forecasts on the first day of the fire called for relative humidity levels of 5 to 10 percent, and winds of {{convert|20|mph|km/h|abbr=out}}.{{Cite news |last=Cameron |first=Eleanor |date=September 7, 2001 |title=Residents flee Poe fire |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116721860/residents-flee-poe-fire-page-1a/ 1A], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116721999/residents-flee-poe-fire-page-12a/ 12A] |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116721860/residents-flee-poe-fire-page-1a/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025404/https://www.newspapers.com/article/enterprise-record-residents-flee-poe-fir/116721860/ |url-status=live }}
Progression
The Poe Fire broke out the morning of September 6, at around 8:20 a.m. PDT,{{Cite news |last=Vovakes |first=Christine |date=September 7, 2001 |title=6 trapped by fire – and all survive |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116722173/6-trapped-by-fire-and-all-survive/ B1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116722305/6-trapped-by-fire-and-all-survive-pag/ B4] |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116722173/6-trapped-by-fire-and-all-survive/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025405/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-6-trapped-by-fire-a/116722173/ |url-status=live }} when strong northeast winds felled a {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=out|adj=on}}-tall ponderosa pine snag, which struck three power lines that provided backup electricity for PG&E's Poe Powerhouse on the North Fork Feather River.{{Cite news |last=Root |first=Carol |date=September 9, 2016 |title=Ridge History: Poe Fire rages and the saga of the Mill Creek Indians |work=Paradise Post |url=https://www.paradisepost.com/2016/09/09/ridge-history-poe-fire-rages-and-the-saga-of-the-mill-creek-indians/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118021152/https://www.paradisepost.com/2016/09/09/ridge-history-poe-fire-rages-and-the-saga-of-the-mill-creek-indians/ |archive-date=January 18, 2023}} The strong winds and multiple resulting spot fires quickly consolidated into a single blaze, which moved up the slope.
Fire crews responded to the scene by 8:28 a.m., but the up-slope winds pushed the fire to {{convert|500|acres|ha|abbr=on}} by 11:30 a.m., burning structures on Windy Ridge Road and Big Bend Road. Aircraft, including six fixed-wing air tankers and two helicopters, began assisting firefighters by noon. By 8:00 p.m. the Poe Fire was {{convert|1500|acres|ha|abbr=on}} and 10 percent contained, but windy conditions with low humidity continued overnight and fueled rapid expansion of the fire. The Yankee Hill area was evacuated near midnight, and though firefighters were able to protect the majority of homes several dozen structures were still lost.{{Cite news |last=Cameron |first=Eleanor |date=September 8, 2001 |title=Mixed results in Poe fire fight |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116735318/mixed-results-in-poe-fire-fight-page-1a/ 1A], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116735477/mixed-results-in-poe-fire-fight-page-12/ 12A] |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116735318/mixed-results-in-poe-fire-fight-page-1a/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025406/https://www.newspapers.com/article/enterprise-record-mixed-results-in-poe-f/116735318/ |url-status=live }}
By 9:00 a.m. on September 7 the Poe Fire had burned {{convert|6168|acres|ha|abbr=on}}. On its western edge, the fire jumped Highway 70 near Lunt Road, but firefighters were able to contain the slop-over. During the day conditions remained dire—at 3:00 p.m. the Burning Index was 185, roughly correlating to flame lengths of {{convert|18.5|ft|m|abbr=out}}, and the Ignition Component was 100 percent, meaning that a firebrand would be certain to ignite a new fire if it landed in fuel—but the fire grew much less. By 7:00 p.m. on the 7th the Poe Fire was {{convert|6580|acres|ha|abbr=on}} and 20 percent contained, having destroyed more than two dozen homes as firefighters worked to stop flames from jumping Lake Oroville and threatening populated areas near Paradise.{{Cite news |last=Stanton |first=Sam |last2=Vovakes |first2=Christine |date=September 8, 2001 |title=Blaze scorches earth, homes |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116727240/blaze-scorches-earth-homes-page-a1/ A1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116727902/blaze-scorches-earth-homes-page-a22/ A22] |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116727240/blaze-scorches-earth-homes-page-a1/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025409/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-blaze-scorches-earth/116727240/ |url-status=live }}
On September 8 the fire remained 20 percent contained, and the number of firefighters on the incident increased as crews demobilized from the Darby Fire in Calaveras County.{{Cite news |last=Hecht |first=Peter |last2=Stanton |first2=Sam |date=September 9, 2001 |title=Firefighters shifted to Butte blaze |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116742704/firefighters-shifted-to-butte-blaze-pag/ B1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116742851/firefighters-shifted-to-butte-blaze-pag/ B5] |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116742704/firefighters-shifted-to-butte-blaze-pag/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025407/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-firefighters-shifted/116742704/ |url-status=live }} By the next afternoon the Poe Fire had reached {{convert|7800|acres|ha|abbr=on}} and 50 percent containment, with more than 1,500 firefighters working.{{Cite news |last=MacEachern |first=Michelle |date=September 10, 2001 |title=Passes are precious to Yankee Hill residents |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116742851/firefighters-shifted-to-butte-blaze-pag/ 1A], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116743620/passes-are-precious-to-yankee-hill-resid/ 4A] |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116743620/passes-are-precious-to-yankee-hill-resid/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025409/https://www.newspapers.com/article/enterprise-record-passes-are-precious-to/116743620/ |url-status=live }} The fire primarily moved east, working along the bottoms of the river canyons, and firefighters welcomed improved weather conditions that brought lower temperatures and winds with higher humidity.{{Cite news |last=Montaño |first=Ralph |date=September 10, 2001 |title=Weather helps cool off blazes |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116744031/weather-helps-cool-off-blazes/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212604/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116744031/weather-helps-cool-off-blazes/ |url-status=live }} By the night of September 10 the fire was more than {{convert|8000|acres|ha|abbr=on}} and 80 percent contained, with peak firefighter staffing at 2,100. The last remaining section of uncontained fire was moving east, between Big Bend Road and the Feather River.{{Cite news |last=Martínez |first=Silvina |date=September 11, 2001 |title=Butte fire evacuees allowed to go home |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116744653/butte-fire-evacuees-allowed-to-go-home/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212606/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116744653/butte-fire-evacuees-allowed-to-go-home/ |url-status=live }}
By September 11 the fire was {{convert|8149|acres|ha|abbr=on}} and 95 percent contained.{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2001 |title=Poe Fire all but under control, no more homes lost |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116745444/poe-fire-all-but-under-control-no-more/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212606/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116745444/poe-fire-all-but-under-control-no-more/ |url-status=live }} Aircraft fighting the Poe Fire that day were temporarily prevented from flying because of the ground stop order issued nationwide in response to the deadly September 11 attacks in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. The National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) eventually instructed firefighting agencies to apply for exemptions through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as needed, and at least one of the aircraft on the Poe Fire was equipped with a special transponder code that broadcast its "friendly" status.{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2001 |title=Aircraft groundings hamstring Butte County firefighting effort |work=Oakland Tribune |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116745841/aircraft-groundings-hamstring-butte-coun/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025414/https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-aircraft-groundings-hams/116745841/ |url-status=live }} The restriction began at about 10:00 a.m. and was in force for about three hours, when the FAA granted Cal Fire's request for exemption.{{Cite news |last=Hecht |first=Peter |date=September 12, 2001 |title=State gets clearance to resume firefighter flights |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116746579/state-gets-clearance-to-resume-firefight/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025420/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-state-gets-clearance/116746579/ |url-status=live }} In the meantime, stunned firefighters kept abreast of events, including the deaths of hundreds of their colleagues in New York, via portable televisions and radios as well as a large-screen television brought into base camp.{{Cite news |last=Nielson |first=Wendell |date=September 13, 2001 |title=Fire crews mourn deaths |work=Paradise Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116747565/fire-crews-mourn-deaths/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212603/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116747565/fire-crews-mourn-deaths/ |url-status=live }}
The Poe Fire was declared 100 percent contained on September 12,{{Cite news |last=Hecht |first=Peter |date=September 13, 2001 |title=Firefighters make progress in Sierra blazes |work=The Sacramento Bee |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116747203/firefighters-make-progress-in-sierra-bla/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025413/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-firefighters-make-pro/116747203/ |url-status=live }} though firefighters continued to quench hot spots and used controlled burns to burn off vegetation between the fire itself and its containment lines.{{Cite news |last=Sitter |first=Bonnie |date=September 13, 2001 |title=Crews set control burns to quench Poe fire |work=Paradise Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116747937/crews-set-control-burns-to-quench-poe-fi/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025414/https://www.newspapers.com/article/paradise-post-crews-set-control-burns-to/116747937/ |url-status=live }}
Effects
File:Oroville.jpg as a brown scar above Lake Oroville. ]]
The Poe Fire caused no fatalities, but at least 20 firefighters were injured.{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2001 |title=Poe Fire all but under control, no more homes lost |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116745444/poe-fire-all-but-under-control-no-more/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212606/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116745444/poe-fire-all-but-under-control-no-more/ |url-status=live }} One firefighter was hospitalized with smoke inhalation and hypertension on September 6.
In addition to the evacuations of Big Bend and Yankee Hill, the fire forced the closure of a {{convert|5|mi|km|abbr=out|adj=mid|spell=in}} section of Highway 70{{Cite news |date=September 7, 2001 |title=Wildfire doubles in size, destroys eight homes |work=The Lompoc Record |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116725600/wildfire-doubles-in-size-destroys-eight/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025922/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lompoc-record-wildfire-doubles-in-si/116725600/ |url-status=live }} between September 6 and 8.
= Damage =
Precise figures for the number of structures destroyed in the Poe Fire vary by source. Cal Fire records report that 133 structures were destroyed and three damaged in the Poe Fire. However, the Chico Enterprise-Record reported that the fire destroyed 170 structures, including 47 homes (as well as 155 vehicles), and The Mercury News reported in 2018 that the figure was 192 structures, including 40 homes.{{Cite news |last=Gafni |first=Matthias |date=November 19, 2018 |title=PG&E transmission line eyed in Camp Fire had collapsed during 2012 storm |work=The Mercury News |agency=Bay Area News Group |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/19/pge-transmission-line-eyed-in-camp-fire-had-collapsed-during-2012-storm/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127033346/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/19/pge-transmission-line-eyed-in-camp-fire-had-collapsed-during-2012-storm/ |archive-date=November 27, 2022}} The Poe Fire also did roughly $500,000 in damage to road and highway infrastructure (such as safety devices and signage), including Highway 70.{{Cite news |date=September 15, 2001 |title=Repairs to fire-damaged roadways begin |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116748611/repairs-to-fire-damaged-roadways-begin/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118215907/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116748611/repairs-to-fire-damaged-roadways-begin/ |url-status=live }} The total losses amounted to more than $6 million, on top of about $5 million in fire suppression costs. At the time, the Poe Fire was the most destructive fire in the history of Butte County.{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Laura |date=September 27, 2001 |title=Poe fire victims consider their legal options |work=Chico News & Review |url=https://www.newsreview.com/chico/content/poe-fire-victims-consider-their-legal-options/6145/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118022058/https://www.newsreview.com/chico/content/poe-fire-victims-consider-their-legal-options/6145/ |url-status=live }}
Butte County's request for both gubernatorial and presidential disaster declarations was denied by the office of Governor Gray Davis,{{Cite news |last=MacEachern |first=Michelle |date=September 26, 2001 |title=Poe fire not a 'disaster' |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788519/poe-fire-not-a-disaster-page-1a/ 1A], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788614/poe-fire-not-a-disaster-page-4a/ 4A] |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788519/poe-fire-not-a-disaster-page-1a/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119150445/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788519/poe-fire-not-a-disaster-page-1a/ |url-status=live }} on the basis that not enough property damage had occurred to meet the Federal Emergency Management Agency or state Office of Emergency Services threshold. Congressional representative Wally Herger urged the governor to declare a disaster,{{Cite news |last=Nielson |first=Wendell |date=October 2, 2001 |title=Fire costs could devastate Butte |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788740/fire-costs-could-devastate-butte-page-a/ A-1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788954/fire-costs-could-devastate-butte-page-a/ A-12] |work=Paradise Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116788740/fire-costs-could-devastate-butte-page-a/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025923/https://www.newspapers.com/article/paradise-post-fire-costs-could-devastate/116788740/ |url-status=live }} and the Butte County board of supervisors appealed the decision. The Butte County Office of Emergency Services said that they lacked enough money to even remove debris from the fire, and that the fire had destroyed 43 wells and created a water shortage in the "financially distressed" county. Eventually, at the governor's request, the federal Small Business Administration declared Butte County a disaster area, making low-interest federal loans available to victims of the Poe Fire there.{{Cite news |date=September 20, 2001 |title=Poe fire disaster office opens |work=The Sacramento Bee |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116749929/poe-fire-disaster-office-opens/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118215906/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116749929/poe-fire-disaster-office-opens/ |url-status=live }} Butte County also waived all fees associated with reconstruction from damage from the fire.{{Cite news |date=October 11, 2001 |title=County waives fees in Poe fire area |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116789181/county-waives-fees-in-poe-fire-area/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119150444/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116789181/county-waives-fees-in-poe-fire-area/ |url-status=live }}
Lawsuit
In April 2002, two local attorneys representing 87 plaintiffs sued PG&E for damages resulting from the Poe Fire, alleging that the company had failed to inspect and maintain the right-of-way for the powerlines and remove the dead Ponderosa pine, violating the California Public Resources Code.{{Cite news |last=Vau Dell |first=Terry |date=April 6, 2002 |title=Poe fire victims sue PG&E, tree services |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116751704/poe-fire-victims-sue-pge-tree-services/ 1A], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116751805/poe-fire-victims-sue-pge-tree-services/ 12A] |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116751704/poe-fire-victims-sue-pge-tree-services/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=November 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/enterprise-record-poe-fire-victims-sue-p/116751704/ |url-status=live }} One of the attorneys, had previously extracted two settlements from PG&E over their responsibility for power lines that had started both the 1986 Doe Ridge Mill Fire and the 1990 Campbell Complex fires.
Attorneys for the plaintiffs—which eventually numbered over a hundred, including Cal Fire and insurance companies—announced a settlement of $5.9 million on February 21, 2006. The announcement came just before the matter had been scheduled to go to trial.{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=Ryan |last2=Vau |first2=Terry |date=February 22, 2006 |title=Settlement reached in aftermath of Poe fire |work=Chico Enterprise-Record |url=https://www.chicoer.com/2006/02/22/settlement-reached-in-aftermath-of-poe-fire/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110014028/https://www.chicoer.com/2006/02/22/settlement-reached-in-aftermath-of-poe-fire/ |archive-date=January 10, 2023}} PG&E admitted no culpability for the fire through the settlement.
See also
- Butte Fire (2015)
- Camp Fire (2018)
- Dixie Fire (2021)