Pointillism#Music

The technique relies on the ability of the eye and mind of the viewer to blend the color spots into a fuller range of tones. It is related to Divisionism, a more technical variant of the method. Divisionism is concerned with color theory, whereas pointillism is more focused on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint.{{cite web|url=http://www.artcyclopedia.com/history/pointillism.html|title=Pointillism|website=www.artcyclopedia.com}} It is a technique with few serious practitioners today and is notably seen in the works of Seurat, Signac, and Cross.

File:Paul Signac Femmes au puits 1892détailcouleur.jpg, Femmes au Puits, 1892, showing a detail with constituent colors. Musée d'Orsay, Paris]]

File:Henri-Edmond Cross - The Evening Air - Google Art Project.jpg, L'air du soir, c.1893, Musée d'Orsay]]

From 1905 to 1907, Robert Delaunay and Jean Metzinger painted in a Divisionist style with large squares or 'cubes' of color: the size and direction of each gave a sense of rhythm to the painting, yet color varied independently of size and placement.Jean Metzinger, ca. 1907, quoted in Georges Desvallières, La Grande Revue, vol. 124, 1907, as cited in Robert L. Herbert, 1968, Neo-Impressionism, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York This form of Divisionism was a significant step beyond the preoccupations of Signac and Cross. In 1906, the art critic Louis Chassevent recognized the difference and, as art historian Daniel Robbins pointed out, used the word "cube" which would later be taken up by Louis Vauxcelles to baptize Cubism. Chassevent writes:

: M. Metzinger is a mosaicist like M. Signac but he brings more precision to the cutting of his cubes of color which appear to have been made mechanically [...].Robert L. Herbert, 1968, Neo-Impressionism, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New YorkLouis Chassevent: Les Artistes indépendantes, 1906Louis Chassevent, 22e Salon des Indépendants, 1906, Quelques petits salons, Paris, 1908, p. 32[https://archive.org/stream/albertgleizes1881robb#page/n3/mode/2up Daniel Robbins, 1964, Albert Gleizes 1881 – 1953, A Retrospective Exhibition, Published by The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York, in collaboration with Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris, Museum am Ostwall, Dortmund]

The practice of Pointillism is in sharp contrast to the traditional methods of blending pigments on a palette. Pointillism is analogous to the four-color CMYK printing process used by some color printers and large presses that place dots of cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). Televisions and computer monitors use a similar technique to represent image colors using red, green and blue (RGB) colors.Vivien Greene, Divisionism, Neo-Impressionism: Arcadia & Anarchy, Guggenheim Museum Publications, 2024

, {{ISBN|0-89207-357-8}}

If red, blue, and green light (the additive primaries) are mixed, the result is something close to white light (see Prism (optics)). Painting is inherently subtractive, but Pointillist colors often seem brighter than typical mixed subtractive colors. This may be partly because subtractive mixing of the pigments is avoided, and because some of the white canvas may be showing between the applied dots.

The painting technique used for Pointillist color mixing is at the expense of the traditional brushwork used to delineate texture.

The majority of Pointillism is done in oil paint. Anything may be used in its place, but oils are preferred for their thickness and tendency not to run or bleed.{{cite web|url=http://www.si.umich.edu/chico/emerson/pntmat.html|title=Nathan, Solon. "Pointillism Materials." Web. 9 Feb 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019090200/http://www.si.umich.edu/chico/emerson/pntmat.html|archive-date=2009-10-19}}

Pointillism also refers to a style of 20th-century music composition. Different musical notes are made in seclusion, rather than in a linear sequence, giving a sound texture similar to the painting version of Pointillism. This type of music is also known as punctualism or klangfarbenmelodie.

File:VanGogh 1887 Selbstbildnis.jpg, Self Portrait, 1887, using pointillist technique.]]

File:Morning, Interior - Luce.jpeg, Morning, Interior, 1890, using pointillist technique.]]

• Georges Seurat
• Charles Angrand
• Chuck Close
• Henri-Edmond Cross
• Henri Delavallée
• Albert Dubois-Pillet
• Louis Fabien (pseudonym)
• Georges Lemmen
• Maximilien Luce
• Jean Metzinger
• Camille Pissarro
• John Roy
• Paul Signac
• Vincent van Gogh
• Théo van Rysselberghe
• Hippolyte Petitjean
• Jan Toorop
• Alfred William Finch
• Gale D. Jones

• A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat
• Bathers at Asnières by Georges Seurat
• The Windmills at Overschie by Paul Signac
• Banks of Seine by Georges Seurat
• A Coastal Scene by Théo van Rysselberghe
• Family in the Orchard by Théo van Rysselberghe
• Countryside at Noon by Théo van Rysselberghe
• Afternoon at Pardigon by Henri-Edmond Cross
• Rio San Trovaso, Venice by Henri-Edmond Cross
• The Seine in front of the Trocadero by Henri-Edmond Cross
• The Pine Tree at St. Tropez by Paul Signac
• Opus 217. Against the Enamel of a Background Rhythmic with Beats and Angles, Tones, and Tints, Portrait of M. Félix Fénéon in 1890 by Paul Signac
• The Yellow Sail, Venice by Paul Signac
• Notre Dame Cathedral by Maximilien Luce
• Le Pont De Pierre, Rouen by Charles Angrand
• The Beach at Heist by Georges Lemmen
• Aline Marechal by Georges Lemmen
• Vase of Flowers by Georges Lemmen
• Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape by Jean Metzinger

File:Baigneurs a Asnieres.jpg|Georges Seurat, 1884, Bathers at Asnières, oil on canvas, 201 × 301 cm, National Gallery, London

File:Georges Seurat - A Sunday on La Grande Jatte -- 1884 - Google Art Project.jpg|Georges Seurat, 1884–1886, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, oil on canvas, 207.6 x 308 cm, Art Institute of Chicago

File:Rijsselberghe, Voiliers.jpg|Théo van Rysselberghe, 1887, Sailboats and Estuary, oil on canvas, 50.2 x 61 cm, Musée d'Orsay

File:Apple Harvest by Camille Pissarro.jpg|Camille Pissarro, 1888, La Récolte des pommes, oil on canvas, 61 x 74 cm, Dallas Museum of Art

File:1889 Toorop Brug in Londen anagoria.JPG|Jan Toorop, 1889, Bridge in London, Kröller-Müller Museum

File:Young Woman Powdering Herself Georges Seurat.jpg|Georges Seurat, c.1889-90 Young Woman Powdering Herself, Courtauld Gallery

File:Lemmen2.jpg|Georges Lemmen, c.1891-92, The Beach at Heist, Musée d'Orsay Paris

File:Theo Van Rysselberghe portrait-of-irma-sethe-1894.jpg|Théo van Rysselberghe, 1894, Portrait of Irma Sèthe

File:Van Rysselberghe femme et enfant.jpg|Théo van Rysselberghe, 1899, His wife Maria and daughter Elisabeth

File:Paul Signac - L'Hirondelle Steamer on the Seine.JPG|Paul Signac, 1901, L'Hirondelle Steamer on the Seine, oil on canvas, National Gallery in Prague

File:Henri Edmond Cross - Regatta in Venice - Google Art Project.jpg|Henri-Edmond Cross, 1903-04, Regatta in Venice, oil on canvas, 73.7 x 92.7 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

File:Jean Metzinger, c.1906, Femme au Chapeau (Woman with a Hat), oil on canvas, 44.8 x 36.8 cm, Korban Art Foundation..jpg|Jean Metzinger, c.1906, Femme au Chapeau (Woman with a Hat), oil on canvas, 44.8 x 36.8 cm, Korban Art Foundation

File:Robert Delaunay, 1906, Portrait de Metzinger, oil on canvas, 55 x 43 cm, DSC08255.jpg|Robert Delaunay, 1906, Portrait de Metzinger, oil on canvas, 55 x 43 cm

File:Hippolyte Petitjean - Femmes au bain.jpg|Hippolyte Petitjean, 1919, Femmes au bain, oil on canvas, 61.1 X 46 cm, private collection

• Contemporary Indigenous Australian art, the most well-known style of which is known as "dot painting"
• Halftone
• Klangfarbenmelodie
• Micromontage, similar technique in music
• Pixel art
• Stipple engraving

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/73155 Georges Seurat, 1859–1891], a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
• [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/161820/rec/1 Signac, 1863–1935], a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
• Exhibition catalogue, [http://www.jillnewhouse.com/catalogues/dot-dot-dot-pointilism-and-beyond-1885-2018 Dot Dot Dot ... Pointilism and Beyond 1885 - 2018], Jill Newhouse Gallery, 2 November - 10 December 2021

{{Georges Seurat}}

{{Paul Signac}}

{{Western art movements}}

{{Post-Impressionism}}

Category:Artistic techniques

Category:Painting techniques

Category:Post-Impressionism

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