Police collaboration in Vichy France

[[File:Affiche Police nationale Révolution nationale.jpg|right|thumb|{{center|"National Police National Revolution".

Propaganda poster for the recruitment of the National Police as part of the Vichy regime's National Revolution, late 1941 - early 1942}}]]

Police collaboration in Vichy France was part of the Vichy government's external political objectives and emerged as an essential tool of collaboration in meeting its policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II.{{sfn|Kitson|2002|p=375}}

Oath of state

On 14 August 1941, a decree signed by Philippe Pétain required all civil servants to take an oath of loyalty to him. An official ceremony took place for the police on 20 January 1942, during which 3,000 delegates from the Paris Guard, the National Police and the Police Prefecture met in the great hall of the Palais de Chaillot, under the presidency of Pierre Pucheu, Minister of the Interior.{{sfn|Rossignol|1991||pages=VIII-351}}{{sfn|Beaupré|2012|p=1143}} After the Peacekeepers' Band played La Marseillaise, the oath was taken in these terms: "I swear loyalty to the Head of State in everything he commands in the interest of the service, public order and the good of the country". To which all the police officers present responded by raising their arms and saying: "I swear it".{{Citation |last= |first= |title=Quotation by Maurice Rajsfus Opération Étoile Jaune, Le Cherche midi |publisher= |publication-place=Archives of the Paris police headquarters |at=BA 1784 series| date=2002}}

Round-ups

{{Further|Vel' d'Hiv Roundup|Green ticket roundup|Marseille roundup}}

French police carried out numerous round-ups (French: {{lang|fr|rafles}}) of Jews during World War II, including the Green ticket roundup in May 1941,{{harvnb|Diamant|1977|p=22}}, as quoted in {{harvnb|Zuccotti|1999|pp=146–147}}{{harvnb|Diamant|1977}}, as quoted in {{harvnb|Rosenberg|2018|p=297}} the round-up in the 11th arrondissement of Paris in August 1941 in which 4,200 persons were arrested and interned at Drancy,{{cite book |last=Ramsey |first=Winston |title=The Nazi Death Camps: Then And Now |publisher=After the Battle |date=2021 |orig-date=2016 |isbn=9781870067898 |oclc=1371288157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQxyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216 }} the massive Vélodrome d'Hiver round-up in 1942 in which over 13,000 Jews were arrested,{{cite web |url=http://www.aidh.org/Racisme/shoah/rafle/espoir01.pdf |work=AIDH.org |title=Pourquoi le rafle n'a pas ateint son objectif |page=52 |access-date=2009-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703235953/http://www.aidh.org/Racisme/shoah/rafle/espoir01.pdf |archive-date=2008-07-03 |url-status=usurped }}{{cite web|title=The Vel' d'Hiv Roundup|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/france/vel_dhiv_roundup.asp|work=The Holocaust in France|publisher=Yad Vashem|access-date=22 April 2014}} the rafle of Clermont-Ferrand (25 November 1943),Wikimedia Foundation, Rafle de Clermont-Ferrand (25 novembre 1943) (in French), accessed 6 February 2023 and the roundup in the Old Port of Marseille in 1943.Maurice Rajsfus, La Police de Vichy. Les Forces de l'ordre françaises au service de la Gestapo, 1940/1944, {{ill|Le Cherche-midi éditeur|fr|Le Cherche-midi}}, 1995. Chapter XIV, La Bataille de Marseille, pp. 209–217. {{in lang|fr}} Almost all of those arrested were deported to Auschwitz or other death camps.

References

=Citations=

=Bibliography=

{{cite book |last1=Beaupré |first1=Nicolas, ... |title=Les grandes guerres : 1914-1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Belin |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-7011-3387-4}}
{{cite book |lang=fr |last=Diamant |first=David |title=Le billet vert: la vie et la résistance à Pithiviers et Beaune-la-Rolande, camps pour juifs, camps pour chrétiens, camps pour patriotes |trans-title=The green ticket: life and resistance in Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande, camps for Jews, camps for Christians, camps for patriots |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwsjAAAAMAAJ |access-date=27 May 2020 |year=1977 |publisher=Éditions Renouveau}}
{{cite journal |last1=Kitson |first1=Simon |title=From Enthusiasm to Disenchantment: The French Police and the Vichy Regime, 1940-1944 |journal=Contemporary European History |date=2002 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=371–390 |doi=10.1017/S0960777302003028 |jstor=20081843 |s2cid=145222363 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20081843 |issn=0960-7773}}
{{cite book |lang=en |editor1-last=Dalinger |editor1-first=Brigitte |editor2-last=Zangl |editor2-first=Veronika |title=Theater unter NS-Herrschaft: Theatre under Pressure |trans-title=Theatre under NS rule: Theatre under Pressure |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Pnina |chapter=Yiddish Theatre in the camps of the Occupied Zone |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVxtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297 |page=297 |series=Theater - Film - Medien (Print) #2 |date=10 September 2018 |publisher=V&R Unipress |location=Göttingen |isbn=978-3-8470-0642-8 |oclc=1135506612 |access-date=27 May 2020}}
{{cite book |last1=Rossignol |first1=Dominique |title=Histoire de la propagande en France de 1940 à 1944 : l'utopie Pétain |date=1991 |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |location=Paris |isbn=2-13-043474-6|edition=1re éd}}
{{citation |last=Zuccotti |first=Susan |title=The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M97m1tD272UC&pg=PA81 |year=1999 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |isbn=0-8032-9914-1 |chapter=5 Roundups and Deportations |page=81 |access-date=25 May 2020}}